Malignant tumors

Description:

The malignant tumor is a tumor which properties most often (unlike properties of a benign tumor) do it extremely life-threatening an organism, as gave the grounds to call it "malignant". The malignant tumor consists of malignant cells. Sometimes any malignant tumor is incorrectly called cancer (which is only a special case of a malignant tumor).

Symptoms of Malignant tumors:

Symptoms vary depending on location of a tumor. Pain usually arises only at late stages. At early stages the tumor often does not cause any unpleasant feelings. Some often found symptoms include:
Local symptoms: unusual swelling or consolidation (often the earliest symptom); bleeding; inflammation; jaundice.
Symptoms of metastasises: hyperadenosis; cough, it is possible with blood; increase in a liver; ostealgia, fractures of bones; neurologic symptoms.
General symptoms: cachexia (loss of weight, appetite loss, exhaustion), immunomorbid conditions, hyperhidrosis, anemia.

Malignant tumors differ as cells from which they arise.
Carcinoma, or actually cancer — from epithelial cells (for example, a prostate cancer, lungs, a mammary gland, a rectum).
Melanoma — from melanocytes
Sarcoma — from connecting fabric, bones and muscles (mesenchyma)
Leukosis — from stem cells of marrow
Lymphoma — from lymphatic fabric
Teratoma — from formative cells
Glioma — from glial cells
Choriocarcinoma — from placenta fabric
Malignant tumors of children's age

There are tumors which are especially often affecting children and teenagers. Incidence of children of malignant tumors is highest in the first five years of life. Among tumors leukoses (especially acute lymphoblastoid leukosis), tumors of the central nervous system and a neuroblastoma are in the lead. Further the nefroblastoma (Vilms's tumor), lymphoma, a rhabdomyosarcoma, a retinoblastoma, an osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma follow.

Reasons of Malignant tumors:

It is possible to select three major external factors of developing of malignant tumors. Physical factors (the ionizing radiation, ultraviolet, etc.) - chemical factors (carcinogenic substances) - biological factors (some viruses).

There are also internal reasons of malignant tumors. Most often it is about genetic predisposition to cancer. Usually at the same time it is or about hereditary decline in the ability to DNA recovery, or about decrease in immunity.
Sometimes borders between external and internal factors become indistinct owing to impossibility of definition of primacy of their influence.

Treatment of Malignant tumors:

Some malignant tumors are badly curable and often lead to the death of the patient. However in many cases treatment is possible. The serious factor defining success of treatment is early diagnosis. The result of treatment in huge degree is defined by extent of development of tumoral process, its stage. At early stages chances are very high therefore it is necessary to watch constantly a condition of the health, using services of professional doctors. It is impossible to spend at the same time time for attempts to recover by means of nonconventional medicine, ignoring modern methods of treatment, you only aggravate with it the state and complicate the subsequent treatment.

Now the following types of treatment are applied:
Oncotomy. As tumor cells can meet also out of a tumor, delete it with a stock. For example, at a breast cancer usually delete all mammary gland, and also axillary and subclavial lymph nodes. If nevertheless tumor cells are out of remote body or its part, operation does not prevent them to form metastasises. Moreover, after removal of primary tumor growth of metastasises accelerates. Nevertheless, this method often cures malignant tumors (for example, a breast cancer) if to do operation at rather early stage. The surgical oncotomy can be carried out both by means of traditional cold tools, and using new tools (the laser, a radio-frequency knife, an ultrasonic scalpel, etc.). For example, removal of throat cancer (1-2 stages) by means of the laser at a direct laringoskopiya allows to keep to the patient an acceptable voice and to avoid a tracheostoma that not always turns out when performing traditional open operations (not endoscopic). The laser beam, in comparison with a usual scalpel, reduces bleeding during operation, destroys tumor cells in a wound, provides the best wound repair in the postoperative period.
Chemotherapy. The drugs directed against quickly sharing cells are used. Drugs can suppress DNA duplication, prevent division of a cellular cover into two etc. However, except tumor cells, in an organism intensively and quickly also many share healthy, for example, stomach epithelium cells. They are damaged too by chemotherapy. Therefore the chemotherapy results in heavy side effects. After the termination of chemotherapy healthy cells are recovered. In the late nineties new drugs which are attacked by squirrels of tumor cells went on sale, almost without damaging the normal sharing cells. Now these drugs use only for some types of malignant tumors.
Radiotheraphy. Radiation kills malignant cells, damaging their genetic material while healthy cells stand smaller harm. For radiation use the gamma radiation (short-wave photons, they get on any depth), neutrons (get only on limited depth) and electrons (get on very small depth; are used for treatment of malignant tumors of skin and hypodermic cells).
Cryotherapy.
Photodynamic therapy by drugs which can destroy cells of a malignant tumor under the influence of a light flow of a certain wavelength (Fotogem, "фотодитазин", радахлорин, the photopsychic, аласенс, photobosoms, etc.).
Hormonal therapy. Cells of malignant tumors of some bodies react to hormones, as is used. So, at a prostate cancer use women's hormone estrogen, at breast cancer — the drugs suppressing effect of estrogen, glucocorticoids — at lymphoma. Hormonal therapy is palliative treatment: in itself it cannot destroy a tumor, but can prolong life or improve chances of treatment in combination with other methods. As palliative treatment, it is effective: at some types of malignant tumors it prolongs life for 3-5 years.
Immunotherapy. The immune system aims to destroy a tumor. However she for a variety of reasons is often not able to make it. The immunotherapy helps immune system to struggle with a tumor, forcing it to attack a tumor more effectively or doing a tumor more sensitive. Sometimes interferon is for this purpose used.
The combined treatment. Each of treatment methods separately (except palliative) can destroy a malignant tumor, but not in all cases. For increase in effectiveness of treatment often use a combination of two and more methods.
For relief of sufferings of terminal patients drugs (for fight against pain) and psychiatric drugs are used (for fight against a depression and fear of death).