Aphasia

Description:

Aphasia — the disturbance of already created speech arising at local defeats of bark (and "the next subcortex" — according to A. R. Luriya) the left hemisphere (at right-handed persons) and representing system frustration of various forms of speech activity.

Aphasia — the full or partial loss of the speech caused by local damages of a brain.

Aphasia (from other - Greek ἀ-— a negative particle and  — manifestation, the statement) is a system disturbance of the created speech (unlike an alalia).

Aphasia symptoms:

    * Brock's aphasia, or efferent motor aphasia (efferentis — taking out; efferenta — a final part of a reflex arc) it is for the first time described by Paul of Brock in 1861. It arises at damage of lower parts of premotorny bark of the left parencephalon (the motive speech center (Brock's center)). It causes disintegration of grammar of the statement (cable style of statements) and difficulty of switching from one word (or a syllable) on another owing to inertness of speech stereotypes. Literal paraphasias (substitution of one sounds by others), gross violations of reading and the letter are observed.
    * Dynamic aphasia is shown in disturbances of the suktsessivny (consecutive) organization of the speech statement. Implementation process of the speech in external environment is broken (though the internal program of a sokhrann). This form is caused by defeat of bark near Brock's center.
    * Afferent motor aphasia (from afferentis — introducing; offerers — nerve terminations). Arises at defeat of the back and central and parietal regions of bark. Disturbance of a link of the choice of a sound is characteristic of such patients. Primary defect consists in not distinguishing of relatives on an articulation of sounds. They mix artikulema in group (a dressing gown-hadat, an elephant-snol). Kinaesthetic feelings from bodies of an articulation are broken. The leading defect — impossibility to find exact articulation poses and ways for pronouncing the word.
    * Vernike's aphasia, or touch aphasia. Disturbance of phonemic hearing, distinguishing of sound structure of words is its cornerstone. At akustiko-Gnostic aphasia loss of ability of understanding of the sound party of the speech is observed.
    * Akustiko-mnestichesky aphasia is a disturbance of volume of deduction of speech information, a tormozimost of slukho-speech memory. Disturbance of visual memory, weakness of visual objects of words is the cornerstone of optiko-mnestichesky aphasia.
    * Defects of the simultaneous analysis and synthesis of the speech, a simultaneous skhvatyvaniye of information are the cornerstone of semantic aphasia. The leading defect for this form is disturbance of understanding of complex logical-grammatical structures.
    * Anamnestic aphasia Is shown at defeat of the parietotemporal Region. Defect consists in difficulty of naming of objects and parts of a body. Verbal paraphasias are observed.

In general the speech of afazik is characterized by poverty of lexicon, they seldom use adjectives, adverbs, descriptive locutions, almost do not use and do not understand a proverb, a saying.

Aphasia reasons:

Arises at organic lesions of speech departments of a cerebral cortex as a result of the postponed injuries, tumors, strokes, inflammatory processes and at some mental diseases.

Treatment of Aphasia:

Vozyodeystviye on osyonovyony zayoboyoleyovayony in a soyocheyotayoniya with obuyocheyoniyoy to the dropped-out reyocheyovy nayovyyoka at a logopeyod.