Castor oil

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: 30 g of castor oil.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacokinetics. After intake in the alkaline environment of a duodenum in the presence of bile under the influence of a lipase ritsinolovy acid is formed of oil. Absorption of ritsinolovy acid is inversely proportional to the size of the accepted dose. At administration of oil in a dose of 4 g absorption of ritsinolovy acid makes about 100%, at introduction in a dose of 50 g only 36% (the rest of acid is allocated with a fecal masses during 24 h) are absorbed, at introduction in a dose of 60 g the share of the absorbed acid makes only 10%. Speed of absorption of ritsinolovy acid makes a half of speed of absorption of oleic acid. Reception, at least, of 10 g of oil is necessary for development of aperient effect.

The absorbed part of ritsinolovy acid is exposed to β-oxidation in a liver and skeletal muscles and joins in metabolic processes.

Pharmacodynamics. Castor oil – a purgative of a plant origin.

The mechanism of effect of castor oil is connected with the ritsinolovy acid which is emitted from it in a gleam of a duodenum. In concentration of 0,5 mmol/l ritsinolovy acid irritates receptors throughout intestines and stops work of Na+/K+/2Cl - conveyors, absorption of electrolytes as a result stops and for the second time water absorption is late. In concentration more than 2 mmol/l ritsinolovy acid strengthens secretion of water in an intestines gleam.

Under the influence of castor oil the volume of intestinal contents increases, motility of intestines increases, its emptying accelerates. The oil remaining in intestines facilitates advance of fecal masses on a large intestine. The laxative effect develops in 2 - 6 h after reception of oil and weakens after bowel emptying.

At irritation of receptors of intestines castor oil reflex stimulates the centers of a spinal cord coordinating sokratitelny activity of a myometrium. As a result castor oil strengthens reductions of a uterus during pregnancy.

Indications to use:

- acute locks;

- poisonings;

- food intoxications;

- purgation before diagnostic procedures;

- weakness of patrimonial forces (as a part of complex therapy);

- burns, wounds, skin ulcers, hyperkeratosis;

- for stimulation of growth of hair.

Route of administration and doses:

As a purgative appoint the adult 15 – 30 g of 1 times a day. At purgation before diagnostic procedures it is taken for 2 - 6 h before performance of a research. To children at the age of 12 - 14 years appoint 5 – 15 g of 1 times a day.

At weakness of patrimonial forces for stimulation of patrimonial activity castor oil is appointed on 40 – 50 g once against the background of use of the means stimulating a sokratitelny uterine activity.

In dermatological practice for mitigation of skin and removal of scales from the centers of excess keratinization appoint locally in the form of talkers on alcohol in the ratio 1: 10 with addition of 2% of salicylic acid (10 g of castor oil, 2 g of salicylic acid, alcohol to 100 ml). The talker rub in the defeat center once a day within 4 - 7 days then carry out mechanical cleaning of the center and continue treatment.

At treatment of burns, skin wounds appoint locally in the form of talkers and emulsions on the distilled water of 1 - 2 time a day under a bandage.

For strengthening of growth of hair prepare the solution consisting of 10 g of castor oil and 100 ml of 96% of alcohol which is rubbed in head skin.

Features of use:

Pregnancy and lactation. Use of castor oil is contraindicated at pregnancy in connection with a possibility of its early interruption. Use in the III trimester of pregnancy is possible only on vital on -

to kazaniye. In need of use in the period of a lactation it is necessary to stop breastfeeding for all the time of treatment.

Use in pediatrics. Use of castor oil for children up to 12 years is not recommended in connection with high sensitivity of intestines of children to the irritating substances and danger of development of dehydration.

Influence on ability to driving of motor transport and control of mechanisms. During reception of castor oil it is not recommended to manage the vehicle, it is necessary to refrain from other operator activity in connection with possible disturbance of concentration of attention during approach of effect.

Care when using. It is not recommended to use castor oil as a purgative more than 3 days as digestion, and also absorption of A and D vitamins, with development of the corresponding hypovitaminosis can be broken. Use of castor oil at treatment by the medicines received from a men's fern since at the same time their system absorption and development of neurotoxic action is possible is inadmissible.

Side effects:

- abdominal pain, nausea;

- digestion disturbances, a coloenteritis at repeated use;

- a hypovitaminosis of A and D at repeated use;

- rush of blood to bodies of a small pelvis;

- accustoming at repeated use.

Interaction with other medicines:

At simultaneous use reduces absorption of fat-soluble A, D and K vitamins. In doses to 4 g/days increases absorption of fat-soluble drugs – extract of a men's fern, Mebendazolum, griseofulvin, probucol.

At simultaneous use with salt laxatives perhaps sharp strengthening of laxative effect.

M-holinoblokiruyushchiye means (Atropini sulfas, Platyphyllinum, пирензепин), antispasmodics (a papaverine, Drotaverinum) weaken effect of castor oil.

Antikholinesterazny means (неостигмин, pyridostigmine, ривастигмин) and glycerin strengthen laxative effect of castor oil.

Strengthens action of the means stimulating sokratitelny activity of a myometrium (methylergometrine, ergometrine, oxytocin, prostaglandins) up to emergence of threat of a hysterorrhesis in labor.

At topical administration increases chrezkozhny absorption of the medicines applied together with it on skin.

Contraindications:

- chronic locks;

- acute inflammatory diseases of intestines (including appendicitis);

- mechanical intestinal impassability;

- abdominal pains of not clear genesis;

- intestinal and uterine bleedings;

- acute and chronic glomerulonephritis;

- tubulointerstitsialny nephrite;

- poisonings with fat-soluble poisons (including gasoline, tetrachloride carbon, extract of a men's fern);

- pregnancy;

- lactation period;

- children's age (up to 12 years).

Overdose:

Develops at reception of castor oil in a dose more than 7 g/kg of body weight. Emergence of diarrhea, sharp spasms in a stomach, a renal failure, dizziness, hallucinations, a loss of consciousness is characteristic.

Specific antidotes are Atropini sulfas and loperamide. Measures of the help include the medicine cancellation, completion of losses of liquid and electrolytes (is more preferable the combined peroral and intravenous administration) supporting and the symptomatic therapy directed to elimination of the arisen disturbances. At development of neurotoxic effects enter diazepam of 5 - 10 mg intravenously.

Storage conditions:

In the place protected from light, at a temperature not over 25 ºС. To store in the place, unavailable to children. A period of validity - 5 years. Not to use medicine after the termination of a period of validity.

Issue conditions:

Without recipe

Packaging:

On 30 g in bottles in packaging No. 1.