Hyperkeratosis

Description:

The hyperkeratosis is an excessive thickening of a corneous layer of epidermis. The concept a hyperkeratosis comes from two Greek words of hyper – much and keratosis – formation of a keratin. Cells of a corneous layer begin to share strenuously that in combination with disturbances of exfoliating of epidermis and leads to a thickening which can be from several millimeters to several centimeters.

Hyperkeratosis symptoms:

The follicular hyperkeratosis is one of clinical symptoms of skin diseases though the hyperkeratosis of follicles is observed and as independent by a symptom. As a result of excess keratinization and disturbance of amotio of upper layers of epidermis there is an obstruction of a channel of a follicle skin scales. At people whose relatives suffered from a follicular hyperkeratosis, the percent of incidence is higher. Deficit of vitamin A and With, and also disturbances of personal hygiene are risk factors too. At impact on skin of cold, hard water and other physical factors the follicular hyperkeratosis can develop and people with not changed functions have skin. After recovery of the former mode of life symptoms of a hyperkeratosis disappear.

Clinically follicular hyperkeratosis is shown in the form of small red heat-spots hillocks on site of follicles, skin becomes similar on goose. Body parts inclined to a xeroderma are surprised. It is area of elbow and knee joints, buttocks and the outside surface of hips. At long influence of adverse factors the hyperkeratosis of follicles gains widespread character, skin of hands and the lower extremities is surprised. Around small knots the rim forms red, sometimes inflamed. If along with symptoms of a hyperkeratosis there is continuous mechanical influence, for example rough clothes, then skin becomes rough and reminds жабью skin. Small knots of a follicular hyperkeratosis are infected at independent expression or at involuntary traumatization that can lead to pyodermas of secondary character.

The follicular hyperkeratosis is not a life-threatening state, but meanwhile demands treatment as cosmetic defects can serve as the reason of psychological injuries. The diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical manifestations. Today there are no drugs which could solve a problem of patients with a follicular hyperkeratosis. If this symptom is one of displays of diseases of internals, then their treatment or correction are capable to eliminate manifestations of a follicular hyperkeratosis completely. And therefore patients with a follicular hyperkeratosis which has a long current need inspection, both at the dermatologist, and at the endocrinologist and the therapist.

The Lentikulyarny and disseminated hyperkeratosis.
The reasons of these giperkeratoz are not studied, disturbance of the processes of formation of a keratin of not clear origin connected with changes of human genome is the cornerstone of a pathogeny. These types of giperkeratoz are diagnosed generally for men of advanced age, but quite often symptoms begin to be shown in youth.

The disease proceeds chronically, without tendencies to regress, after insolation aggravations are noted. In places of follicles horn papules from 1 to 5 mm in size of henna-red or yellow-orange color appear. The dorsum of feet, shins is surprised and hips, are surprised follicles of hands, a trunk and auricles less often. In isolated cases the lentikulyarny hyperkeratosis is diagnosed on a mucous membrane of a mouth. During removal of a horn stopper slightly wet deepening with dot bleeding in the center is bared. Papules have scattered character, are not inclined to merge, do not cause painful feelings. An insignificant part of patients notes a small itch on the sites struck with a lentikulyarny hyperkeratosis.

At the disseminated hyperkeratosis on skin there are polymorphic elements reminding short and thick hair which are located separately without tendency to merge on skin of a trunk and extremities. Sometimes there are accumulations by groups in the form of a brush of 3-6 struck follicles. For differentiation of the disseminated and lentikulyarny giperkeratoz from papillomas, an ichthyosis and warts resort to a histologic research.

Hyperkeratosis reasons:

The hyperkeratosis is not an independent disease. The thickening of a corneous layer and disturbance of process of keratinization are observed at an ichthyosis, herpeses, erythroses and other diseases. Even at healthy people the hyperkeratosis is shown to some extent on elbows, feet, sometimes on a lap.

The exogenous reasons of giperkeratoz, that is the reasons arising from the outside is a long and excessive pressure on skin of feet, sometimes on body skin because of close or rough clothes. Pressure, as well as any external aggression, provokes protective mechanisms of an organism, in this case – the strengthened cell fission. Natural process of exfoliating of cells is broken: when superficial cells peel, and again formed cells come to their place. And, as the result, occurs a thickening of a corneous layer of epidermis – a hyperkeratosis.

As the most part of loading is necessary on a foot, they are subject to formation of a hyperkeratosis. Narrow, close and vice versa footwear bigger, than it is necessary, the size cause a foot skin thickening. Excess body weight, especially with a high growth also repeatedly increase load of foot. People with pathologies have feet, for example at flat-footedness, because of disturbances of depreciation properties of a backbone the hyperkeratosis a foot meets much more often. The acquired foot pathologies, and also lameness lead to redistribution of loads of foot owing to what there are zones of supertension and the localized hyperkeratosis.

Various general diseases proceeding chronically belong to the endogenous reasons of giperkeratoz. The diabetes mellitus as as a result of disbolism the whole complex of the reasons of leaders to sensitivity disturbance develops is the most often endogenous reason of a hyperkeratosis. Tactile and painful sensitivity becomes dull, disturbances of exchange processes develop, food of skin is broken and its dryness develops. These factors are the main at development of a hyperkeratosis of feet at a diabetes mellitus.

Inherited disorders in formation of a keratin, keratodermia, a skin ichthyosis, psoriasis and other diseases at which the condition of epidermis changes are more rare reasons of giperkeratoz.

Treatment of the Hyperkeratosis:

Treatment of a follicular hyperkeratosis is directed to correction of work of internals and in use of the softening ointments and local drugs which contain the lactic and fruit acids having effect of a peeling. Use of mechanical srubs and pumice at a follicular hyperkeratosis is contraindicated as traumatization can lead to infection or to progressing of symptomatology.

Vitamins A and With, accepted both inside, and outwardly in the form of ointments are capable to correct process of exfoliating of an epithelium and process of formation of new cells. Cosmetologists and dermatocosmetologists are engaged in treatment of a follicular hyperkeratosis, but with age the symptomatology of a hyperkeratosis of follicles usually decreases or disappears completely. It is connected with decrease in sebum formation and reduction in the rate of cell fission of epidermis.
Treatment of the lentikulyarny and disseminated hyperkeratosis consists in use of the ointments containing glucocorticosteroids and aromatic retinoids. Dangers to life of a giperkeratoza do not bear, however are cosmetic defect. The chemical peelings which are carried out by dermatocosmetologists and the procedures directed to moistening and mitigation of skin at regular use are capable to solve a problem. It is necessary to remember that mechanical influence, use of srubs and pumice are extremely undesirable as lead to aggravations and to accession of secondary pyodermas.