Hyperkinesias

Description:

Hyperkinesias (other - Greek ὑπερ-— over, over and  — the movement) or dyskinesia — the pathological suddenly arising involuntary violent movements in various groups of muscles.

Symptoms of Hyperkinesias:

Carry an athetosis, a chorea, trembling paralysis, a myoclonia to hyperkinesias, etc.

Develops owing to defeat of neurons of various structures of a brain: extrapyramidal system of a thalamus, subthalamic kernel, gear kernel of a cerebellum, red kernel and their communication systems.

Expressiveness of hyperkinesias can be reduced or to stop quickly strong-willed influences, and also pain stimulations, change of a pose, a dream. In a dream hyperkinesias disappear.
Tremor (trembling);
Physiological tremor;
Essential tremor;
Parkinsonichesky tremor;
Cerebellar tremor;
Rubralny (mezentsefalny) tremor, or Holmes's tremor;
Dystonic tremor;
Neuropathic tremor;
Psychogenic tremor;
Dystonia (muscular dystonia);
Cranial dystonia;
Cervical dystonia (spastic wryneck);
Secondary dystonia;
Medicinal dystonia;
Chorea;
Athetosis;
Ballizm;
Tics;
Myoclonia;
Physiological myoclonia;
Essential myoclonia;
Epileptic myoclonia;
Symptomatic myoclonia;
Multifocal myoclonia;
The progressing myoclonic ataxy;
Akathisia;
Late dyskinesia;
Paroxysmal dyskinesia;
Paroxysmal kineziogenny dyskinesia;
Paroxysmal nekineziogenny dyskinesia;
Front hemispasm;
Neyromiotoniya;
Syndrome "painful legs (hands) - moving fingers"
Syndrome of "the rigid person"

Reasons of Hyperkinesias:

Are shown at organic and functional lesions of a nervous system: cerebral cortex, subcrustal motoriums or trunk part of a brain. Or is more rare than the related structures forming extrapyramidal system (extrapyramidal hyperkinesias) which are usually caused by defeat basal ганглиев defeat of a peripheral nervous system (peripheral hyperkinesias). Can arise as side effect of neuroleptics as a part of an antipsychotic syndrome (a medicinal hyperkinesia), in connection with their toksichesy action on extrapyramidal system.

Quite often they arise against the background of infectious diseases (encephalitis, rheumatism), distsirkulyatorny encephalopathy; after the postponed craniocereberal injury, intoxication, etc.

Treatment of Hyperkinesias:

Antiinflammatory therapy.
Improvement of blood circulation and metabolism of brain fabric.
With muscular rigidity — strengthening of function of dofaminergichesky systems introduction of his predecessor of L-DOF A and Midantanum and suppression of antagonistic cholinergic activity by means of various cholinolytic drugs (atropinic drugs  like Cyclodolum, Romparkinum, Parkopanum, артан, Ridinolum).
The drugs suppressing function of dopaminergic systems — alpha adrenoblockers (Triphtazinum, Dinezinum, a haloperidol, etc.). The effect of effect of drugs can be strengthened accession of Elenium or Seduxenum in small doses.
Fortifying procedures, paraffin applications, bathtubs, physiotherapy exercises.
Diet, vitamin-rich.
Orthopedic treatment by means of orthoses and footwear.

Surgical treatment.

Surgical treatment:
the stereotaxic method is applied at the torsion dystonia. Destruction of subcrustal kernels or implantation of chronic electrodes is applied. Operation interrupts bonds of a visual hillock  with extrapyramidal educations.
implantation of a baklofenovy pomp
the combined rhizotomy

However, an operative measure can be recommended only in hard cases in the absence of effect from is long the carried-out conservative therapy.