Giperprolaktinemiya
Contents:
Description:
Giperprolaktinemiya is an increase in concentration of hormone of prolactin in blood. Prolactin along with luteinizing (LG) and follicle-stimulating (FSG) hormones is produced in a closed gland of a hypophysis. The hypophysis is peculiar "conductor" of endocrine system. It regulates activity of various hemadens - a thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries and testicles, by production of the corresponding hormones
Giperprolaktinemiya's symptoms:
Increase in level of prolactin in blood can be shown differently. At women insufficiency of the II phase of a menstrual cycle, delay monthly or their total absence, disturbance of an ovulation, release of colostrum or milk from mammary glands is observed (galactorrhoea). Due to the disturbance of a menstrual cycle at women infertility often develops. In a male body excess of prolactin leads to reduction of level of testosterone in blood therefore interest in sex life (libido) decreases, impotence and infertility develops.
Giperprolaktinemiya's reasons:
There is a set of the factors leading to increase in level of prolactin. Allocate a physiological and pathological giperprolaktinemiya. Action of physiological factors is not connected with any diseases and occurs at healthy women. So, the level of prolactin increases during sleep, feedings by a breast, a stress, the strengthened exercise stress, at sexual intercourse, at pregnancy and in a puerperal period. The pathological giperprolaktinemiya can be organic and functional.
Organic is caused by hypophysis tumors (micro and makroprolaktinomam). This high-quality education producing prolactin. Adenomas grow very slowly or do not grow in general. What causes its education, for the present up to the end is not clear. Prolaktinoma happen various sizes, but the vast majority has diameter less than 10 mm and is called mikroprolaktinoma. Much less often prolaktinoma of 10 mm in size and more which are called makroprolaktinoma meet. Symptoms of a prolaktinoma depend both on a sex of the patient, and on the tumor size.
The functional giperprolaktinemiya is connected with various diseases: insufficiency of function of a thyroid gland – a hypothyroidism, a chronic renal failure, cirrhosis, a syndrome of polycystic ovaries, etc. Giperprolaktinemiya can arise after operations and injuries in a thorax, frequent vyskablivaniye of a cavity of the uterus.
Level of prolactin can increase at reception of some medicines in high doses: neuroleptics, antidepressants, antihypertensives, prostaglandins, estrogen and oral contraceptives.
It should be noted that quite often increased level of prolactin meets also in the absence of the visible reason. It is a so-called idiopathic form of a giperprolaktinemiya. Its reason is covered in the increased function of cells of a hypophysis which quantity at the same time remains normal or increases extremely slightly.
Giperprolaktinemiya's treatment:
The most widespread medicine for treatment of a giperprolaktinemiya is Bromocriptinum (the commercial name - Parlodelum). Also other drugs - каберголин (достинекс), норпролак are used. All these drugs promote reduction of release of prolactin a tumor which level in blood often decreases to norm in several weeks after an initiation of treatment. At women in process of normalization of prolactin the menstrual cycle and ability to conceive are recovered. Pregnancy, by the way, can occur quickly enough therefore if you do not plan the child's birth at present, you should discuss the most suitable way of contraception with the attending physician. At men together with decrease in level of prolactin testosterone level increases that normalizes quality of sex life. Against the background of reception of Parlodelum almost all prolaktinoma decrease in sizes. If you have very big tumor, carrying out several tomographic pictures in dynamics for assessment of changes of the sizes of a prolaktinoma against the background of treatment can be required.
Due to the efficiency of drug treatment at prolaktinoma seldom resort to operations and radiation therapy. Operation or radiation therapy can be necessary only for a small part of patients about makroprolaktinomam at which the size of a tumor does not decrease against the background of drug treatment.
