ex-icos

Description:

Eksikoz (Latin siccus — dry), drying, dehydration, a stalemate. the state arising owing to acute loss by an organism of significant amounts of water and salts depletions of water depots of an organism and in cases of the broken ability of cells and fabrics to connect water. The term "eksikoz" is especially widely used in pediatric literature in connection with value E. in emergence of symptoms of a toxic symptom complex at children of chest age.

Eksikoz's symptoms:

Soledefitsitny dehydration эксикоз (hypotonic): the child faded refuses water and food, after drink vomiting, a kotor frequent is often observed in the beginning, then can stop. Integuments cyanotic with an earthy shade, the tone of muscles is lowered. The big fontanel which sank down eyeballs soft, sunk down. The lowered temperature, the lowered arterial pressure, an oliguria or an anury are characteristic. When progressing an eksikoz of the patient can fall in soporous, and then and into coma. At the same time there are an atony and paresis of intestines, a meteorism high standing of a diaphragm, gases are not emitted, vomiting becomes frequent. Shallow breathing, there can be tonic or toniko-clonic spasms, there are no symptoms of a meningism.

Water scarce dehydration эксикоз (hypertensive) proceeds violently. The child is excited, uneasy, body temperature is increased, pulse frequent, tendency to a hyper tone of muscles, a sleep disorder, tension of occipital muscles, spasms are observed. The child willingly and drinks much, but are reduced poto-, salivary and mocheotdeleny.

Isotonic dehydration эксикоз meets most often. The child is sluggish, adynamic. The refusal of food, frequent vomiting are characteristic. Integuments are pale, cold to the touch, dry, elasticity of skin and turgor are reduced. Mucous dry, lose the gloss: Language is covered with a white plaque. Cardiac sounds are muffled, arterial pressure is normal or is reduced.

Clinically distinguish 3 degrees of an eksikoz.

The I degree — loss of liquid to 5% of body weight;

The II degree — loss of liquid to 10% of body weight, changes from cardiovascular system are noted;

The III degree — liquid loss more than 10% of body weight, serious condition, hypovolemic shock, sharp disturbances of a hemodynamics.

Liquid loss more than 20% of body weight is usually incompatible with life. If not to give to the child timely help, death is possible.

Eksikoz's reasons:

The syndrome of an eksikoz usually develops against the background of acute gastrointestinal diseases, flu, acute respiratory infections, pneumonia, a staphylococcal infection, etc. Of a syndrome of an eksikoz it is characteristic the deficit of water and an eleka of thoreaulites in an organism, the child arising owing to repeated persistent vomiting and (or) a frequent liquid chair. Losses of water can происхо through lungs, kidneys, skin. Dehydration эксикоз develops within 2-3 days. Depending on dominance of loss of water or electrolytes distinguish dehydration soledefitsitny (loss of electrolytes prevails), water scarce (water loss prevails), isotonic (loss of water and electrolytes is proportional.

Eksikoz's treatment:

Rehydration therapy is carried out depending on degree of an eksikoz and in dehydration. At the I degree to the patient allow to drink (on 50 — 100 ml on 1 kg of body weight) glyukozo-saline solution (регидрон, oralit, etc.). Standard gpyukozo-saline solution contains: sodium of chloride of 3,5 g, Natrii hydrocarbonas of 2,5 g, potassium of chloride of 1,5 g, glucose of 20 g, boiled water of 1 l. At normalization of a state vomiting stops, the arterial pressure and a diuresis are stabilized.

At severe forms of dehydration of an eksikoz make intravenous administration of liquids (a reopoliglyukin, plasma, etc.). Liquid is entered kapelno, slowly, within several hours. Drink is given it is dosed on 1 teaspoon each 5 — 10 minutes if vomiting remains, liquid is dug in in a mouth a pipette.

Antibiotics are appointed depending on sensitivity of the activator to an antibiotic. After elimination of dehydration and symptoms of an eksikoz appoint digestible food.