Optic neuritis
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Description:
The optic neuritis is characterized bystry (for hours - several days) and often reversible loss of sight on one or both eyes.
Frequency. Women aged from 18 up to 50 years get sick more often.
Classification. Depending on localization of the pathological center on the course of an optic nerve allocate: retrobulbar neuritis (process is localized behind an eyeglobe in an orbit) and intracranial.
Symptoms of the Optic neuritis:
Within several hours or days decrease in visual acuity on one or both eyes develops, perception of intensity of light and color sight decreases, the central and paracentral scotomas are possible. There is a pain in an eye-socket and a superciliary arch amplifying at the movement of an eye. Forward reaction of a pupil on light is weakened, and consensual photoreaction extends a little (Markus Gunn's pupil).
Reasons of the Optic neuritis:
Along with unknown (idiopathic) options an optic neuritis meets at multiple sclerosis, viral infections (measles, chicken pox, shingles, epidemic parotitis, a mononucleosis), other infections of a nervous system (syphilis, tuberculosis, a cryptococcosis, a sarcoidosis), including fungal.
Treatment of the Optic neuritis:
The antibiotics, antiviral drugs improving microcirculation (niacin, пентоксифиллин), local introduction of a hydrocortisone, Prednisolonum of 1 mg/kg/days during 2 weeks, then reduce for 1-2 weeks. Carry often out a pulsterapiya by Methylprednisolonum: 30 mg/kg intravenously within 30 min. each 6 h (only 12 doses), with the subsequent transition to oral administration of Prednisolonum to 1-2 weeks.
Current and forecast. Visual function usually begins to be recovered in 2-3 weeks from a debut of a disease and several months later is returned to norm. At 75% of women and 34% of men with an optic neuritis in the anamnesis in the remote period multiple sclerosis develops.
