Vomiting of pregnant women

Description:

Vomiting of pregnant women is the condition of the pregnant woman arising in connection with development of all fetal egg or its separate elements and characterized by plurality of symptoms from which and expressed dysfunction of the central nervous system, vascular frustration and disbolism are the most constant. During removal of fetal egg or its elements the disease, as a rule, stops.
The display of toxicosis of pregnant women representing a complication of normally proteyokayushchy pregnancy and which is characterized by the dispeptic phenomena and disturbances of all types of exchange. Vomiting in early terms (to 12 weeks of a gestation) is noted at 40–60% of women. In most cases they are a little expressed and do not demand treatment. At overwhelming number beyoremenny vomiting develops between 4 and 7 weeks of a gestation.

Symptoms of Vomiting of pregnant women:

These conditions of pregnant women classify by the term of their emergence. Narusheyoniya, shown in  the I trimester, are called toxicoses, in II and III trimesters — gestoses.
Allocate easy, moderate (moderately severe) and heavy (excessive, unrestrained) vomiting of beyoremenny.

Slight vomiting.
General satisfactory condition. Frequency of vomiting is up to 4 — 6 times a day. Periodic (preyoimushchestvenno in the mornings) nausea. An insignificant degrowth of a body (to 5% of initial). Hemodynamic indicators (heart rate and arterial pressure) within norm. Lack of changes in clinical blood test. The diuresis is normal. Odnayoko at pregnant women with early toxicosis considerably increases risk of development of a gestosis and feyotoplatsentarny insufficiency.

Moderately expressed vomiting.
General moderately severe state. Frequency of vomiting is 10 times a day and more, constant nausea, hypersalivation. A body degrowth for 6–10% of initial. Fervescence. Tayokhikardiya, arterial hypotonia, anemia, metabolic acidosis, decrease in a diuresis. Slayobopolozhitelny reaction of urine to acetone.

Pernicious vomiting.
This pathology is followed by the general serious condition, vomiting to 20 times a day, postoyoyanny nausea, plentiful hypersalivation, Loss of body weight makes more than 10% of iskhodyony. Fervescence to 38 °C, tachycardia, arterial hypotonia is noted. The diuresis is sharply lowered. In blood — increase in level of residual nitrogen, urea, bilirubin, increase in a hematocrit, a leukocytosis, decrease in content in blood serum of albumine, a hoyolesterin, potassium, chlorides. The proteinuria, a cylindruria, an urobilinuria, an eritrotsiyoturiya and a leukocyturia, an acetone smell from a mouth, sharply positive reaction of urine to acetone, disturbance of functions of vitals and systems, the expressed intoxication and an obezvozhiyovaniye is observed.

Reasons of Vomiting of pregnant women:

The etiology of toxicoses is up to the end not specified. Most of researchers celebrate among the factors contributing to development of toxicoses chronic diseases of a zheludochyono-intestinal path and a liver, dysfunction of a thyroid gland, trophoblastic zayobolevaniye, a diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, psychological diseases, age of the pregnant woman (up to 18 years and after 35). There is an allergic theory of development of vomiting beremenyony, the theory of poisoning with metabolic products, an organism sensitization fruit antigens.

Treatment of Vomiting of pregnant women:

Slight vomiting of pregnant women passes is independent. However to many pregnant women naznayochat the corresponding therapy, including recommendations about a day regimen and a diet.
Important component of therapy is the various, vitaminized diet. Food priyonimatsya in the fractional portions in a prone position. The use of mineral shchelochyony water is shown.
The medical and guarding mode includes lack of negative emotions, maintenance of favorable psychological climate in a family of the pregnant woman and in communication with the attending physician.
Complex therapy of vomiting of moderately severe pregnant women includes antiemetic preparayota, drugs the normalizing endocrine and exchange processes, antihistaminic a sredstyova, the dezintaktsionny, infusional drugs normalizing water and electrolytic balance.
It is recommended to avoid drug intake whenever possible. It is better not to accept drugs of a zheyolez to permission of nausea. Before getting up, recommend to eat a dry peyochenye. It is better to eat often and small portions. Recommend to increase the use of napityok, to avoid the use of products with the high content of fats and proteins. Reception of poliviyotamin before conception or in early durations of gestation promotes reduction of a toshnoyota. However the vitamins containing iron can aggravate symptoms.
At treatment it is necessary to observe the medical and guarding mode. For the purpose of impact on TsNS gipnosuggestivny therapy can be used. The distinguished reflexotherapy options give good effect.  
The basic rule of medicamentous therapy at heavy and moderate severity of vomiting is the parenteral method of introduction before achievement of lasting effect. Apply lekaryostvenny means for the purpose of impact on TsNS including the drugs operating on razyolichny neuromediator systems of a myelencephalon: atropine, haloperidol, Droperidolum, Metoclopramidum, Clemastinum, promethazine, thiethylperazine.  
For fight against organism dehydration, to a detoxication and recovery of BRAIDS apply infusional therapy in number of 1,0–2,5 l a day, depending on severity of a toksiyokoz and body weight of the patient.
Considering the frequent and expressed disturbance of functions of a liver at pregnant women with early toxicosis, for the purpose of its prevention at women of risk group, and also at toxicoses of any severity the foryota of N should include the drug Essentiale in a complex of therapeutic meyoropriyatiya.