X-ray analysis

Description:

X-ray analysis (English projection radiography, plain film radiography, roentgenography) — a research of internal structure of objects which are projected by means of X-ray on a special film or paper. Most often the term belongs to the medical noninvasive research based on obtaining the summatsionny projective image of anatomical structures of an organism by means of passing through them of X-ray and registration of extent of weakening of x-ray emission.

The X-ray analysis is applied to diagnosis: X-ray inspection (further RI) bodies allows to specify a form of data of bodies, their position, a tone, a peristaltics, a condition of a relief of a mucous membrane.
RI of a stomach and duodenum (duodenografiya) is important for recognition of gastritis, cankers and tumors.
RI of a gall bladder (cholecystography) and biliary tract (holegrafiya) carry out for assessment of contours, the sizes, a gleam inside - and extrahepatic bilious channels, existence or lack of concrements, specify concentration and sokratitelny functions of a gall bladder.
RI of a large intestine (irrigoskopiya) is applied to recognition of tumors, polyps, diverticulums and intestinal impassability.
thorax X-ray analysis — infectious, tumoral and other diseases,
backbone — degenerative and dystrophic (osteochondrosis, a spondylosis, curvatures), infectious and inflammatory (different types of spondylites), tumoral diseases.
various departments of a peripheral skeleton — regarding various traumatic (fractures, dislocations), infectious and tumoral changes.
abdominal cavity — perforation of bodies, functions of kidneys (excretory urography) and other changes.
Metrosalpingografiya — contrast X-ray inspection of a cavity of the uterus and passability of fallopian pipes.
teeth — an orthopan-tomography.

Training of the patient for X-ray inspection.

Special training of patients for X-ray inspection generally is not required, however for a research of digestive organs there are following methods of preparation:
- Carried out special diets earlier, excluded the products promoting a meteorism from a diet carried out a cleansing enema, but now it is standard that for RI of a stomach and a duodenum of patients with normal function of intestines does not demand any preparations. However, at the sharp expressed meteorism and persistent locks carry out a cleansing enema in 2 hours prior to a research. In the presence in a stomach of a sick large amount of liquid, slime, the remains of food carry out a gastric lavage in 3 hours prior to a research
- Before the cholecystography also exclude a possibility of a meteorism and use rentgenokontrasny iodinated drug (Cholevidum, йопагност 1 g on 20 kg of live weight). Drug gets into a liver and collects in a gall bladder. For definition of sokratitelny ability of a gall bladder, the patient is given still cholagogue means - 2 crude egg yolks or 20 g of sorbite.
- Before a holegrafiya to the patient enter intravenously contrast the substance (Bilignostum, Bilitrastum, etc.) contrasting bilious channels.
- Before an irrigografiya carry out by means of an opaque enema (BaSO4 at the rate of 400 g on 1600 ml of water). On the eve of the research the patient is given 30 g of castor oil, give an enema cleansing in the evening. The patient has not supper, a light breakfast, two cleansing enemas, an opaque enema next day.

Advantages of a X-ray analysis.
- Wide availability of a method and ease in carrying out researches.
- The majority of researches does not require special training of the patient.
- Rather low cost of a research.
- Pictures can be used for consultation at other specialist or in other establishment (unlike an ultrasonography pictures where carrying out a repeated research as the received images are the operator - dependent is necessary).

X-ray analysis shortcomings.
- Image "Zamorozhennost" — complexity of assessment of function of body.
- Existence of the ionizing radiation capable to make harmful effects on the studied organism.
- Informational content of a classical X-ray analysis is much lower than such modern methods of medical visualization as KT, MPT, etc. Usual x-ray images reflect projective stratification of difficult anatomical structures, that is their summatsionny x-ray shadow, unlike layer-by-layer series of the images received by modern tomographic methods.
- Without use of the contrasting substances the X-ray analysis is almost not informative for the analysis of changes in soft tissues.