Tick-borne encephalitis

Description:

Tick-borne encephalitis - the infectious viral disease which is characterized by defeat of the central and peripheral nervous system concerns to group of natural and focal diseases of the person.

Symptoms of the Tick-borne encephalitis:

After a sting of the infected tick, the virus of a tick-borne encephalitis breeds in the place of a sting. At the same time in the place of a sting there are no changes. Then the virus gets into lymph nodes and blood and begins to breed in the cells covering blood vessels. When there is a mass reproduction of a virus, appears the symptoms similar to flu symptoms. The virus can get into a brain only through a blood-brain barrier. If the virus does not manage to break this barrier, then a tick-borne encephalitis proceeds rather easily. At a part of patients the virus breaks a blood-brain barrier. Then there are symptoms of defeat of TsNS. Clinical displays of tick-borne encephalitis depend on virulence of a virus and a condition of protective forces of an organism. At most of the diseased, symptoms of a tick-borne encephalitis appear within the second week after a sting of a tick. But the incubation interval can last from 2 to 21 days. After infection the disease not necessarily develops. The infection can proceed asymptomatically. In such cases a tick-borne encephalitis can be defined only by analyses. The health does not change, the person feels healthy. In blood there are antibodies to a virus of a tick-borne encephalitis which say that there was a contact with a virus. At the same time immunity to a tick-borne encephalitis is developed. At many people who are (not imparted), living in endemic regions and not having tick-borne encephalitis antibodies come to light that speaks about contact with an infection. Allocate several forms of a tick-borne encephalitis:
- feverish
- meningeal
- meningoentsefalitichesky
- poliomiyelitichesky (meningoentsefalomiyelitechesky)

All forms begin sharply with a fever, temperature increase till 38-40 ˚ an ache in a body. There is no prodromal stage or it short lasts 1-2 days and is shown by a febricula.

At a feverish form of a tick-borne encephalitis the virus does not get into TsNS. Symptoms of a feverish form of a tick-borne encephalitis: high temperature, the expressed weakness, an ache in a body, appetite loss, nausea, a headache. Fever lasts from several to 10 days. There are no expressed symptoms of defeat of a nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid without changes. The feverish form of a tick-borne encephalitis is optimum.

Tick-borne encephalitis rather often has a phasic current. The first stage corresponds to reproduction of a virus in blood. From symptoms fever and intoxication comes out on top. If the disease comes to the end at the first stage — that is a feverish form of a tick-borne encephalitis. After the first stage temperature can will decrease for several days. Then the virus breaks a blood-brain barrier and gets into a brain. Then temperature to high figures increases again, and symptoms of defeat of TsNS appear.

Weight of defeat of TsNS defines a clinical picture. If only a meninx is struck, then a tick-borne encephalitis proceeds in a meningeal form. At defeat of neurons, develops focal forms of a tick-borne encephalitis.

At development to a meningeal form, against the background of fever the severe headache, vomiting, a photophobia, a stiff neck and other symptoms of irritation of a meninx develops. At a lumbar puncture inflammatory changes in cerebrospinal fluid come to light.

At meningoentsefalitichesky and poliomiyelitichesky forms of a tick-borne encephalitis there is a defeat of cells of a brain. It, so-called, focal forms. Symptoms depend on that in what part of a brain there are centers of defeat and what their size. These forms can leave neurologic complications or lead to death. At focal forms of a tick-borne encephalitis in addition to fever, intoxication and meningeal symptoms brain substance defeat symptoms appear.

The Meniningoentsefalitichesky form of a tick-borne encephalitis is characterized by a meningeal syndrome and signs of damage of a brain — consciousness disturbance, mental disorders, spasms, paresis and paralyzes.

At a poliomiyelitichesky form of a tick-borne encephalitis neurons in motive kernels of cervical department of a spinal cord (as are surprised at a polymyelitis). There are persistent sluggish paralyzes of muscles of a neck and hands leading to an invalidism.

Reasons of the Tick-borne encephalitis:

The main carrier of a virus - an entsefalitny tick. The disease seasonal - is always the share of spring-fall. Young people at the age of 20-40 years get sick more often. The virus is transmitted through stings of entsefalitny mites. It is possible to catch at crush of a tick (for example, at the time of removal it from a body of the person).

Treatment of the Tick-borne encephalitis:

Specific treatment of a tick-borne encephalitis does not exist. At emergence of the symptoms testimonial of damage of the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis) of the patient it is necessary to hospitalize immediately for rendering a maintenance therapy. As a symptomatic treatment often resort to corticosteroid means. In hard cases there is a need for a trachea intubation with the subsequent carrying out artificial ventilation of the lungs.