Open angle glaucoma
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Description:
Open angle glaucoma - one of the main reasons of a slabovideniye and a blindness among the population. Its prevalence increases with age. So, in 40–45 years suffers from 0,1% of the population, in 50–60 years – 1,5-2%, in 75 years and is more senior – about 10%. It indicates an important role of involutional processes in emergence and development of a disease.
Symptoms of the Open angle glaucoma:
In most cases the open angle glaucoma arises and progresses imperceptibly for the patient who does not feel any unpleasant feelings and sees a doctor already at a late stage of a disease when he notices deterioration in visual acuity. Complaints to emergence of iridescent circles around light sources, periodic misting of sight note only 15-20% of patients. These symptoms appear at increase in the intraocular pressure (VGD) and can be followed by pain in superciliary area and the head.
The open angle glaucoma affects, as a rule, both eyes, in most cases proceeding asymmetrically.
The leading symptom of a disease - increase in the intraocular pressure (VGD). Intraocular pressure at an open angle glaucoma increases slowly and gradually in process of increase to resistance to outflow of intraocular liquid (VGZh). During an initial stage it has non-constant character, then becomes resistant.
The most important diagnostic character of an open angle glaucoma is change of a field of vision. Before everything these defects are defined in the central departments and are shown by expansion of borders of a blind spot, emergence of the arc-shaped losses. These disturbances come to light at early stages of glaucoma, at special researches of fields of vision. As a rule, patients of these changes in everyday life do not note.
At further development of glaukomatozny process defects of a peripheral field of vision come to light. Narrowing of a field of vision happens preferential from the nasal party, further narrowing of a field of vision concentrically covers peripheral departments up to its total loss. Dark adaptation worsens. These symptoms are shown against the background of permanent increase in the intraocular pressure (VGD). Falling of visual acuity speaks already about the heavy, started disease stage, is followed by almost full atrophy of an optic nerve.
Reasons of the Open angle glaucoma:
The open angle glaucoma belongs to genetically caused diseases. Risk factors which can promote its development are known. Treat them heredity (the disease can pass from father to son), short-sightedness, advanced age, the general diseases (a diabetes mellitus, arterial hypotonia and a hypertension, atherosclerosis, cervical osteochondrosis and др). It is supposed that the listed factors lead to deterioration in blood supply of a brain and eye, disturbances of normal processes of a metabolism in an eye.
Treatment of the Open angle glaucoma:
Treatment of an open angle glaucoma carries a pathogenetic orientation. Main directions of medical actions:
* decrease in VGD to tolerant level;
* elimination or reduction of a hypoxia of an eye (especially optic disk);
* correction of the broken metabolism;
* use cyto - and neuroprotectors for preservation of cells as in a front segment of an eye, and especially in a retina;
* treatment of those associated diseases which exert adverse impact on the course of glaukomatozny process (a diabetes mellitus, a hypothyroidism, cardiovascular insufficiency, vascular hypotonia).
