Hymenolepiasis
Description:
Hymenolepiasis – the chronic parasitic disease developing when parasitizing in intestines of the person of tape Hymenolepis nana helminth, or a dwarfish tapeworm.
The hymenolepiasis is widespread almost everywhere, but is the widest among the population of the southern climatic zones. It is eurysynusic in the countries of Latin America, North Africa, Italy, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, in the states of the neighboring countries - Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Russia - in the North Caucasus, in Tomsk, Amur, etc. areas. In Ukraine is registered everywhere, is more often in the southern areas, i.e. regions of more arid and hot climate where the ascaridosis rather seldom meets. These territories are adverse for spread of an ascaridosis - prirodno a local invasion.
Gimenolipidoz's symptoms:
The clinical picture of a hymenolepiasis strongly varies, differing as on existence or dominance of these or those symptoms, and on degree of their expressiveness. At 1/3 patients the subclinical current of an invasion is noted.
On character of a symptomatology allocate 3 syndromes: painful, dispepsichesky and asthenoneurotic since first of all digestive and nervous systems are surprised.
Main complaints of patients: abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, unstable chair, indisposition, weakness, increased fatigue, irritability, headache.
At intensive invasions, as a rule, there are heavier manifestations: strong pristupoobrazny abdominal pains, frequent vomiting, dizzinesses, convulsive attacks, faints, memory impairment, subfebrile condition, sleeplessness, etc. At a number of patients abnormal liver functions, a stomach, guts are noted, the general adynamy, slight anemia, an eosinophilia develops.
At children who are ill a hymenolepiasis more often loss of weight, a spasm without loss of consciousness, more expressed anemia, a leukopenia, a lymphocytosis, a monocytopenia join the main complaints to a loss of appetite, thirst, a memory impairment.
Gimenolipidoz's reasons:
The activator - a dwarfish tapeworm of Hymenolepis nana (Siebold, 1852; Blanchard, 1891) treats group of tapeworms of Cyclophyllidea, the Hymelnolepididae family, the sort Hymenolepis. For the first time it was found in Egypt (Cairo), in Russia is known since 1890 (St. Petersburg).
The dwarfish tapeworm represents a small cestode of whitish color 1,5 - 3 cm long (seldom to 4,5 - 5 cm) with the greatest width of a joint in 0,7 - 0,9 mm. As well as all cestodes, has a head (scolex), a neck and jointed to a strobile.
The scolex of the spherical or a little extended form is armed with four suckers and a short vtyazhny proboscis with one row chitinous крючьев which quantity fluctuates from 20 to 24 - 30. The thin neck - region of growth passes into the tape-like body (strobile) of a parasite consisting of joints (proglottids) which number contains to 200 - 300.
Reproductive system of hermaphroditic type. In unripe joints 3 spherical seed plants clearly are expressed. The ovary is located between seed plants in the form of the dense extended education to which the bladed zheltochnik adjoins. Sexual openings open on one party strobiles in each joint.
In mature joints only the uterus filled by eggs remains, 140 - 180 eggs contain in each joint.
Though at a dwarfish tapeworm as at other representatives of Cyclophyllidea group, the uterus closed it, as well as a mature joint, is so gentle that already in intestines the separated mature joints collapse and therefore eggs of helminth are constantly allocated with a fecal mass of infested.
Eggs have ellipse spherical shape, they are transparent, colourless, slightly opalestsirut, the size - 36 - 43 x 45 - 53 microns. In egg the oncosphere of 25 in size - 29 x 18 - 20 microns with three couples germinal крючьев is located. The thin, refracting light threads - the filaments holding an oncosphere in the center of egg depart from poles of an oncosphere. Mature eggs are found with 98 - the 100th joint.
Gimenolipidoz's treatment:
la of deworming (exile of worms) apply Phenasal. Drug is appointed in a daily dose: adult 2-3g (8-12 tablets); to children up to 2 years 0,5 g (2 tablets), from 2 to 5 years 1 g (4 tablets), from 5 to 12 years 1,5 g (6 tablets), are more senior than 12 years 2 - 3 g (8 - 12 tablets). The daily dose of phenasal is divided into 4 receptions and accepted in each 2 h (in 10, 12, 14 and 16 h). Food is eaten in 8, 13 and 18 h. Phenasal is accepted within 4 days, then the break of 4-7 days becomes. After a break the course of treatment is repeated. The control research a calla is conducted in 15 days after the end of treatment and in the subsequent monthly.
The day before and in days of treatment the besshlakovy diet with restriction of rough food with rich cellulose is recommended. During treatment and 3-4 days after its termination the patient has to take daily a shower and change linen.
In a month after a basic course one cycle of antirecurrent treatment is carried out. In intervals between cycles of deworming fortifying treatment – reception of polyvitaminic drugs is carried out.
