Dexamethasone

General characteristics. Structure:

Active agent: dexamethasone of 1.0 mg.

Excipients: sodium chloride, dihydrophosphate sodium monohydrate, hydrophosphate sodium dodecahydrate, dinatrium эдетат, solution a chloride benzalkoniya, polysorbate 80, ethanol of 96%, 10% hydroxide sodium solution, the water purified.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacokinetics. Dexamethasone is quickly soaked up inside, half-life makes about 190 minutes. Sufficient absorption can happen after local drawing on skin and eyes for obtaining system effects. In plasma dexamethasone binding by proteins is less, than at the majority of other corticosteroids. Corticosteroids get into intercellular lymphs, cerebrospinal fluid, but significant diffusion through a placenta in researches is not revealed. Corticosteroids are metabolized in a liver, kidneys and allocated with urine. Metabolism of dexamethasone is similar to metabolism of other corticosteroids. Intraocular penetration happens in significant amounts and promotes efficiency of dexamethasone at inflammatory diseases of a front segment.

Pharmacodynamics. Dexamethasone is the synthetic glucocorticosteroid possessing antiinflammatory, antiallergenic action.

Activity of dexamethasone was shown at researches on the person and animals based on its oral administration. By results of these researches activity of dexamethasone exceeds activity of Prednisolonum approximately by 6-7 times, and a cortisone almost by 30 times. Efficiency of connection is reached due to addition methyl of the radical and atom of fluorine to the radical of Prednisolonum.

Indications to use:

- acute inflammatory diseases of a conjunctiva, cornea and front segment of an eye, such as front uveitis, iritis, cyclitis, allergic and spring conjunctivitis, herpetic keratitis, superficial dot keratitis and nonspecific superficial keratitis sensitive to steroid therapy;

- for treatment of an injury of a cornea owing to corrosive, radiation and / or thermal burns (after full epithelization of defects of a cornea);

- after operations on an eyeglobe for reduction of inflammatory reactions and suppression of reaction of a transplant.

Route of administration and doses:

Frequency of instillation of drops and duration of treatment varies depending on weight of a basic disease and reaction to treatment.

At heavy inflammations each thirty-sixty minutes dig in in eyes 1-2 drops, affirmative answer will not be reached yet.

In the absence of affirmative answer it is necessary to consider subconjunctival or system steroid therapy. At the favorable answer it is necessary to reduce a dosage to one drop each four hours.

Features of use:

Only for use in eye practice.

Long use of ophthalmologic corticosteroids can lead to eye hypertensia and/or glaucoma, with injury of an optic nerve, to decrease in visual acuity, defects of fields of vision and subkapsulyarny formations of a cataract of the back camera. At the patients receiving long eye therapy by corticosteroids it is regularly and often necessary to check the intraocular pressure and a condition of a cornea, especially patients at whom is or had in the anamnesis a glaucoma.

Local corticosteroids do not use more than one week, except for special recommendations of the ophthalmologist at regular measurement of intraocular pressure.

Corticosteroids can reduce resistance and detection of bacterial, viral and fungal infections, masking clinical signs of an infection that is important at making decision on inefficiency of antibiotics. In such cases an antibioticotherapia is obligatory. At patients with it is long not healing helcomas which received or receive steroid therapy, it is necessary to exclude fungal infections. Corticosteroids should be stopped if the fungal infection is revealed.

Local ophthalmologic corticosteroids can slow down healing of corneal wounds.

At diseases, the corneas causing thinning and scleras, local corticosteroids can cause their perforation.

It is not recommended to carry contact lenses during treatment of eye inflammations.

Besides, this product the benzalkoniya contains chloride which can cause irritation of eyes and, as we know, decolours soft contact lenses. To avoid contact with soft contact lenses.

Before use of drug it is necessary to remove soft contact lenses. It is repeatedly possible to insert them after 15 minutes from the moment of a drug instillation.

Safety and efficiency of use for children are not established.

There are no data of clinical tests of topical administration of corticosteroids at pregnant women therefore it is possible to use drug during pregnancy only when the estimated advantage for mother exceeds possible risk for a fruit. During feeding by a breast it is not necessary to apply Dexamethasone as there is a probability of penetration of drug into breast milk.

Dexamethasone does not exert impact on ability of driving of vehicles and service of the mechanical equipment. However in view of possible dacryagogue and misting of sight right after an instillation, it is not necessary to use drug just before the beginning of driving of vehicles or service of the mechanical equipment.

Side effects:

Often:

- discomfort in eyes.

Seldom:

- dysgeusia (disorder of taste);

- a keratitis, conjunctivitis, a dry keratoconjunctivitis, coloring of a cornea, a photophobia, a sight illegibility, an itch of eyes, feeling of a foreign body in eyes, the increased dacryagogue, abnormal feeling in eyes, formation of crusts in the field of a century, irritation of eyes, an eye hyperemia.

Frequency is unknown:

- hypersensitivity to drug or its components;

- dizziness, headache;

- increase in intraocular pressure, decrease in visual acuity, cornea erosion, ptosis century, eye pain, expansion of pupils.

Interaction with other medicines:

Researches on medicinal interaction were not conducted.

If several eye medicines are appointed at the same time, then drugs have to be entered with an interval not less than 5 minutes. Oculentums should be entered into the last turn.

Contraindications:

- hypersensitivity to dexamethasone or to any of the making drug substances;

- viral diseases of a cornea and conjunctival covers, except the keratitis caused by Herpes Zoster;

- the viral diseases of eyes caused by Herpes simplex;

- fungus diseases of eyes;

- tuberculosis of eyes;

- acute, not treated purulent bacterial eye infections.

Overdose:

Accidental hit of suspension in a GIT does not lead to serious collateral consequences. Prolonged use of drug can lead to systemic action of dexamethasone.

Storage conditions:

To store in the dry, protected from light place at a temperature not above 25 °C.

To store in the place, unavailable to children!

 

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

On 5 ml in a polyethylene bottle dropper. On each bottle paste the label.

On 1 bottle, together with the approved instruction on a medical use in the state and Russian languages place in a pack from a cardboard.