Piracetam

General characteristics. Structure:

Active agent - piracetam of 1000,0 mg.

Excipients: sodium acetate, the acetic acid diluted water for injections.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacokinetics. After administration of drug it is well soaked up and gets into various bodies and fabrics. The maximum concentration of drug in blood of the person are observed in 1 hour after introduction. Gets through a blood-brain barrier, collects in brain fabric, in internals. In brain fabric collects in 1-4 hours. Out of cerebrospinal fluid it is brought much more slowly, than out of other fabrics that testifies to high tropism to brain fabric. In an organism piracetam is practically not exposed to biotransformation and is emitted with kidneys in not changed look. The period of semi-elimination makes 4,5-5 hours. Bioavailability irrespective of a dosage form makes about 100%.

Pharmacodynamics. Piracetam is nootropic drug. Piracetam directly influences a brain, improving cognitive (cognitive) processes, such as ability to training, memory, attention, and also intellectual working capacity without development of sedative and psychogogic effect.

Exerts impact on the central nervous system in various ways: changes the speed of spread of activation in a brain, improves metabolic processes in nervous cells, improves microcirculation, influencing rheological characteristics of blood and not causing vasodilating action. Improves bonds between cerebral hemispheres and synaptic conduction in neocortical structures, increases intellectual working capacity, improves a brain blood stream. Piracetam inhibits aggregation of thrombocytes and recovers elasticity of a membrane of erythrocytes, reduces adhesion of erythrocytes.

Drug has the tire-tread and recovering effect at dysfunction of a brain owing to a hypoxia, intoxication or an injury.

Piracetam reduces expressiveness and duration of a vestibular nystagmus.

Indications to use:

In neurologic practice:

- vascular diseases of a brain (atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, the vascular parkinsonism) with the phenomena of chronic cerebral and vascular insufficiency which is shown in disturbances of memory, attention, the speech in dizzinesses and a headache

- disturbances of cerebral circulation

- posttraumatic coma and subcomas of vascular, traumatic or toxic genesis

- memory disturbances, decrease in concentration of attention at advanced age.

In psychiatric practice:

- depressions with dominance in a clinical picture of signs of an adynamia, asthenic and senesto-hypochiondrial disturbances, the phenomena of ideomotor block

- sluggish and apathetic defective states

- senile and atrophic processes

- mental diseases (as a part of complex therapy)

- epilepsy.

In narcological practice:

- stopping abstinent, pre-and delirious states at alcoholism and drug addiction

- acute alcoholic poisonings, morphine, barbiturates, Phenaminum, etc.

- an alcoholism with the phenomenon of permanent disturbances of mental activity

Route of administration and doses:

If necessary apply intramusculary or intravenously, in an initial dose of 2,0 - 4,0 (2-4 ampoules) and quickly lead up a dose till 4,0 - 6,0 (4-6 ampoules) a day. At intravenous administration to patients in a serious condition the daily dose can make 12 g. Duration of treatment is determined by the doctor. After improvement of a state the dose is gradually reduced and passed to administration of drug inside.

Features of use:

Due to the influence of piracetam on aggregation of thrombocytes with care patients should appoint drug with disturbance of a hemostasis, during extensive surgical interventions or the patient with symptoms of heavy bleeding; with a renal failure.

At treatment of a cortical myoclonia it is necessary to avoid sharp interruption of treatment that can cause resuming of attacks.

At long therapy regular control of indicators of function of kidneys is recommended to patients of advanced age.

In view of possible side effects, it is necessary to be careful when driving the car and performing work with mechanisms.

Side effects:

- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, a lock, abdominal pains and in a stomach

- dizzinesses, headaches, ataxy, balance disturbance, aggravation of a course of epilepsy, frustration of a dream.

In certain cases:

- weakness, drowsiness

- confusion, excitement, alarm, hallucinations, increase in sexuality

Interaction with other medicines:

Piracetam increases efficiency of hormones of a thyroid gland and antipsychotic medicines (neuroleptics).

At co-administration with neuroleptics piracetam reduces danger of emergence of extrapyramidal disturbances.

At simultaneous use of stimulators of TsNS strengthening of psychogogic action is possible.

Contraindications:

- hypersensitivity to piracetam or derivatives of a pirrolidon, and also other components of drug

- acute disorder of cerebral circulation (hemorrhagic stroke)

- end-stage of a renal failure

- children's age till 1 year

- pregnancy and period of a lactation

Overdose:

Symptoms: strengthening of side effects is possible.

Symptomatic treatment.

Storage conditions:

To store in the dry, protected from light place, at a temperature not above 30 °C. To store in the place, unavailable to children!

 

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

On 5 ml in ampoules of neutral glass, pack into a blister strip packaging 5 ampoules together with the instruction in the state and Russian languages.