Piracetam

General characteristics. Structure:

Active agent - piracetam of 400 mg.

Excipients: magnesium carbonate the main, calcium stearate.

Structure of the capsule: gelatin, methylparahydroxybenzoate, пропилпарагидроксибензоат, titanium dioxide.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacokinetics. At intake it is quickly and almost completely absorbed from a digestive tract. Bioavailability makes about 100%. The maximum concentration in blood is reached in 1 h after reception. Gets through a blood-brain barrier, collects in brain fabric. Out of cerebrospinal fluid it is brought much more slowly, than out of other fabrics that testifies to high tropism to brain fabric. In an organism piracetam is practically not exposed to biotransformation. Biological half-life makes 4-5 hour, is removed in not changed look by kidneys.

Pharmacodynamics. Piracetam - nootropic drug. Directly influences a brain. Improves cognitive (cognitive) processes, such as ability to training, memory, attention, and also increases intellectual working capacity, practically without development of sedative and psychogogic effect. Exerts impact on the central nervous system in various ways: changes the speed of spread of activation in a brain, improves neyronalny plasticity and metabolic processes in nervous cells. Improves interaction between cerebral hemispheres and synaptic conduction in neocortical structures, increases intellectual working capacity, improves a brain blood stream. Piracetam improves microcirculation in a brain, influencing rheological characteristics of blood and does not cause vasodilating action. Piracetam inhibits aggregation of thrombocytes and recovers elasticity of a membrane of erythrocytes, and also ability of the last to a passage through a microcirculator bed. Reduces adhesion of erythrocytes. Piracetam has the tire-tread and recovering effect at dysfunction of a brain owing to a hypoxia, intoxication or an injury. Reduces expressiveness and duration of a vestibular nystagmus.

Indications to use:

- treatment of effects of an ischemic stroke, such as disturbance of the speech, disturbance of the emotional sphere, for increase in motor and mental performance

- a psychoorganic syndrome, including elderly patients with decrease have memories, dizzinesses, reduced ability to concentration of attention and the general activity, disorder of behavior and deleting of lines of the personality, and also at patients with dementia owing to repeated disturbances of cerebral circulation, Alzheimer's disease

- an abstinence syndrome and a psychoorganic syndrome at an alcoholism

- dizziness and the related disorders of balance ( except for cases of a vasculomotor and mental origin)

- as a part of complex therapy of low learnability at children with a psychoorganic syndrome

Route of administration and doses:

Apply inside, in 30 minutes before meal.

The adult Piratsetam appoint 0,4 g (1 capsule) 3 times a day and bring it to 2,4 g. On reaching therapeutic effect (in 2-3 weeks after an initiation of treatment) the dose is reduced to 0,4 g (1 capsule) by 3-4 times a day.

To children and teenagers aged from 6 up to 16 years – on 0,4 g (1 capsule) 3 times a day. Maximum daily dose of 1,6 g (4 capsules).

In certain cases the daily dose is established by the attending physician individually, proceeding from clinical performance and portability of drug.

The course of treatment is continued from 2-3 weeks to 2-6 months. If necessary the course of treatment is repeated.

Features of use:

With care patients should appoint drug with disturbance of a hemostasis, during big surgeries or the patient with symptoms of heavy bleeding.

At long therapy regular control of indicators of function of kidneys is recommended to patients of advanced age, if necessary carry out dose adjustment depending on results of a research of clearance of creatinine.

Gets through the filtering membranes of devices for a hemodialysis.

In case of developing of sleep disorders it is recommended to cancel evening administration of drug, having attached this dose to day reception.

With care to apply in operating time to drivers of vehicles and people whose profession is connected with the increased concentration of attention.

Side effects:

- allergic reactions: dermatitis, itch, rashes, hypostasis

- irritability, disbalance, decline in the ability to concentration of attention, uneasiness, excitement, weakness, drowsiness

- depression, ataxy, balance disturbance, exacerbation of epilepsy, sleeplessness, hallucinations, adynamy

- dizziness, extrapyramidal disturbances, spasms, tremor, sleep disorder, headache, hyperkinesia

- sexual excitement

- loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pains, locks or diarrhea

- increase or lowering of arterial pressure

- increase in body weight

- patients of advanced age have a sharpening of coronary insufficiency

Interaction with other medicines:

At simultaneous use with drugs of hormones of a thyroid gland the acrimony, a disorientation and a sleep disorder is possible.

Interaction with clonazepam, Phenytoinum, phenobarbital, sodium Valproatum is noted.

Piracetam in high doses (9,6 g/days) increases efficiency of an atsenokumarol at patients with venous thrombosis (more expressed decrease in level of aggregation of thrombocytes, level of fibrinogen, Villebrand's factors, viscosity of blood and plasma in comparison with use only an atsenokumarol was noted).

Possibility of change of a pharmacodynamics of piracetam under the influence of other medicines low since 90% of drug are removed in not changed view with urine.

Reception of piracetam in a dose of 20 mg/days did not change peak and a curve of level of concentration of antiepileptic drugs in blood serum (carbamazepine, Phenytoinum, phenobarbital, Valproatum) at the patients with epilepsy receiving drug in a constant dose.

Piracetam increases effects of antipsychotic means, indirect anticoagulants, psychostimulants (raises a convulsive threshold).

Contraindications:

- hypersensitivity to piracetam and derivatives of a pirrolidon

- hemorrhagic stroke

- heavy renal failure (clearance of creatinine less than 20 ml/min.)

- the agitated depression

- Huntington disease

- children's age up to 6 years

- pregnancy and period of a lactation

Overdose:

Symptoms - diarrhea with blood and abdominal pains can develop.

Treatment: right after administration of drug inside it is possible to wash out a stomach or to cause artificial vomiting. Performing symptomatic therapy which can include a hemodialysis. There is no specific antidote. Efficiency of a hemodialysis for piracetam makes 50-60%.

Storage conditions:

To store in dry, protected from light, the place at a temperature not above 30 °C.

To store in the place, unavailable to children!

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

On 10 capsules in a blister strip packaging from a film of polyvinyl chloride and aluminum foil.

Blister strip packagings place in boxes from a cardboard together with the instruction on a medical use in the state and Russian languages.