Ampicillin

General characteristics. Structure:

Active agent: ampicillin of 250 mg.

Pharmacological properties:

Antibiotic of group of semi-synthetic penicillin of a broad spectrum of activity. Has bactericidal effect due to suppression of synthesis of a cell wall of bacteria.
It is active concerning aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (except for the strains producing a penicillinase), Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes; aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Bordetella pertussis, some strains of Haemophilus influenzae.
Collapses β-lactamelements of bacteria.

Pharmacokinetics. After intake it is well absorbed from a GIT. Ampicillin is distributed in most bodies and fabrics. Gets through a placental barrier, badly gets through GEB. At an inflammation of a meninx permeability of GEB sharply increases. 30% of ampicillin are metabolized in a liver. It is removed with urine and bile.

Indications to use:

The infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms, sensitive to ampicillin: including infections of an ear, throat, nose, dontogenous infections, bronchopulmonary infections, acute and persistent infections of urinogenital ways, GIT infections (including salmonellosis, cholecystitis), gynecologic infections, meningitis, endocarditis, septicaemia, sepsis, rheumatism, ugly face, scarlet fever, infections of skin and soft tissues.

Route of administration and doses:

Establish individually depending on weight of a current, localization of an infection and sensitivity of the activator.

At intake for adults the single dose makes 250-500 mg, frequency rate of reception - to 4 Children with body weight to 20 kg - on 12.5-25 mg/kg each 6 h.
Duration of treatment depends on localization of an infection and features of a course of a disease.
Maximum daily dose: for adults at intake - 4 g.

Features of use:

In the course of treatment by ampicillin systematic control of function of kidneys, a liver and a picture of peripheral blood is necessary. Patients with a renal failure need correction of the mode of dosing according to KK values.
At use in high doses for patients with a renal failure perhaps toxic action on TsNS.
At use of ampicillin for patients with bacteremia (sepsis) reaction of a bacteriolysis (Yarisha-Gerksgeymer's reaction) is possible.

Side effects:

Allergic reactions: small tortoiseshell, erythema, Quincke's edema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis; seldom - fever, joint pains, an eosinophilia; extremely seldom - an acute anaphylaxis.
From the alimentary system: nausea, vomiting.
The effects caused by chemotherapeutic action: oral cavity candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, intestinal dysbacteriosis, the colitis caused by Clostridium difficile.

Interaction with other medicines:

Sulbaktam, irreversible inhibitor β-лактамаз, prevents hydrolysis and destruction of ampicillin β-lactamelements of microorganisms.

At simultaneous use of ampicillin with bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, Cycloserinum, Vancomycinum, rifampicin) show a synergism; with bacteriostatic antibiotics (including macroleads, chloramphenicol, linkozamida, tetracyclines, streptocides) - antagonism.

Ampicillin strengthens effect of indirect anticoagulants, suppressing intestinal microflora, reduces synthesis of vitamin K and a prothrombin ratio.

Ampicillin reduces effect of medicines in the course of which metabolism PABK is formed.

Probenetsid, diuretics, Allopyrinolum, phenylbutazone, NPVS reduce canalicular secretion of ampicillin that can be followed by increase in its concentration in a blood plasma.

Antacids, glycosamine, purgatives, aminoglycosides slow down and reduce ampicillin absorption. Ascorbic acid increases ampicillin absorption.

Ampicillin reduces efficiency of contraceptives for intake.

Contraindications:

Infectious mononucleosis, lymphoid leukosis, hypersensitivity to ampicillin and other penicillin, an abnormal liver function.

Use at pregnancy and feeding by a breast
Use of ampicillin at pregnancy according to indications is possible. Ampicillin is emitted with breast milk in low concentration. In need of use of ampicillin in the period of a lactation it is necessary to resolve an issue of the breastfeeding termination.

Use at abnormal liver functions
It is contraindicated at an abnormal liver function.
In the course of treatment by ampicillin systematic control of function of a liver is necessary.

Use at renal failures
Patients with a renal failure need correction of the mode of dosing according to KK values.
In the course of treatment by ampicillin systematic control of function of kidneys is necessary. At use in high doses for patients with a renal failure perhaps toxic action on TsNS.

Use for children
Use is possible according to the dosing mode.

Overdose:

There are no data.

Storage conditions:

In original packaging at a temperature not above 25 °C.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

Tablets of 250 mg: 10 or 20 pieces.