Ampicillini trihdras

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: 250 mg of ampicillin (in the form of trihydrate) in 1 tablet.

Excipients: potato starch, talc, calcium stearate, croscarmellose sodium.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Antibiotic of group of semi-synthetic penicillin of a broad spectrum of activity. Has bactericidal effect due to suppression of synthesis of a cell wall of bacteria.

It is active concerning aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (except for the strains producing a penicillinase), Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes; aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Bordetella pertussis, some strains of Haemophilus influenzae.

Ampicillin collapses under the influence of a penicillinase therefore does not affect penitsillinoobrazuyushchy strains of activators. Кислотоустойчив.

Pharmacokinetics. After intake it is rather well absorbed from digestive tract. Bioavailability of 30 - 40%. Ampicillin is distributed in most bodies and fabrics. Gets through a placenta, badly gets through a blood-brain barrier. At an inflammation of a meninx permeability of a blood-brain barrier for ampicillin increases. Is exposed to biotransformation (10%). It is removed preferential by kidneys in an invariable look. In urine high concentration of an invariable antibiotic are created. It is partially excreted with bile, at nursing mothers – with milk. At repeated introductions does not kumulirut that gives the chance to apply Ampicillini trihdras it is long.

Indications to use:

The infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms, sensitive to action of Ampicillini trihdras; inflammatory diseases of upper respiratory tracts (pharyngitises, laryngitis, bronchitis); acute and adenoid diseases (quinsies); otitises and sinusitis; infections to urine - and biliary tract (a pyelitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, a cholangitis, cholecystitis); digestive tract infection, including dysentery, iyersinioza, salmonellezonositelstvo.

Route of administration and doses:

The dose and duration of treatment are established individually depending on weight of a current, localization of an infection and sensitivity of the activator.

Inside, in 0,5 – 1 hour prior to food, the adult - on 250 mg (1 tablet) 4 times a day. If necessary the dose is increased to 3 g (12 tablets) a day.

To children 4 years are aged more senior appoint in 1 – 2 g (4 – 8 tablets) a day. The daily dose is divided into 4 receptions.

Features of use:

In the course of treatment by ampicillin systematic control of function of kidneys, a liver and a picture of peripheral blood is necessary. Patients with a renal failure need correction of the mode of dosing (increase in an interval between the accepted doses) according to values of clearance of creatinine. At decrease in clearance of creatinine to           15 - 29 ml/min. the interval between receptions of Ampicillini trihdras is increased to 6 - 8 h, at clearance of creatinine from 5 to 14 ml/min. it is increased to        12 h. At the persons which are on a hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis Ampicillini trihdras apply in standard single doses after each procedure of a hemodialysis.

With care to apply at bronchial asthma, hay fever and other allergic states.

Pregnancy and lactation. Use of ampicillin at pregnancy according to indications is possible. Ampicillin is emitted with breast milk in low concentration. In need of use of ampicillin in the period of a lactation it is necessary to resolve an issue of breastfeeding suspension.

Influence on laboratory indicators: when determining content of glucose in urine by chemical methods false positive reaction is possible. It is recommended to apply during reception of ampicillin a glyukozooksidazny method of definition of glucose in urine.

Influence on ability of driving of the car and work with moving mechanisms: during treatment it is necessary to abstain from driving of motor transport and occupation potentially dangerous types of activity demanding the increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Side effects:

Allergic reactions: a small tortoiseshell, an erythema, a Quincke's disease, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, it is rare – fever, joint pains, an eosinophilia, is extremely rare – an acute anaphylaxis.

From digestive tract: nausea, vomiting.

The effects caused by chemotherapeutic action: intestinal dysbacteriosis, the pseudomembranous colitis caused by S. difficile, oral cavity candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis.

From system of a hemopoiesis: seldom – a leukopenia, a neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, an agranulocytosis, anemia, lengthening of a bleeding time and increase in level of a prothrombin.

From kidneys: intersticial nephrite.

From a liver: tranzitorny increase in level of hepatic transaminases, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice.

Interaction with other medicines:

Ampicillini trihdras reduces effect of oral contraceptives due to disturbance of their enterogepatichesky circulation, increases – anticoagulants, antibiotics of an aminoglikozidny row.

Allopyrinolum increases probability of emergence of skin rash.

Probenetsid at simultaneous use with ampicillin reduces canalicular secretion of the last therefore concentration of ampicillin in a blood plasma increases and the risk of development of toxic action increases.

Contraindications:

The increased individual sensitivity (including to other penicillin, cephalosporins, karbapenema), an infectious mononucleosis, a lymphoid leukosis, heavy abnormal liver functions, children's age (up to 4 years).

Overdose:

Now about cases of overdose of Ampicillini trihdras at intake it was not reported.

Symptoms: at use of very high doses toxic pro-convulsive action on the central nervous system can be shown (especially at patients with a renal failure).
 
Treatment: symptomatic (maintenance of the vital functions), at convulsive readiness and a convulsive syndrome – administration of diazepam of 5 - 10 mg intramusculary or intravenously. Ampicillini trihdras is removed from an organism at a hemodialysis.

Storage conditions:

In the place protected from light and moisture, at a temperature not above 25 °C. To store in the place, unavailable to children. A period of validity - 2 years. Not to apply after the termination of a period of validity.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

On 10 tablets in a blister strip packaging No. 10 x 2 or on 10 tablets in planimetric bezjyacheykovy packaging No. 10 x 1.