Acyclovir

General characteristics. Structure:

Oculentum of 3% white or white with a yellowish shade, or yellow color.

Active ingredient: acyclovir  of 30 mg;

Excipients: vaseline - to 1 g.

Pharmacological properties:

Antiviral (anti-herpetic) drug - a synthetic analog of a nucleoside of thymidine.

In the cells infected with a virus containing a virus thymidinekinase there is a phosphorylation and transformation of an acyclovir in an acyclovir monophosphate. Under the influence of acyclovir guanylate cyclase monophosphate will be transformed to diphosphate and under the influence of several cellular enzymes - to triphosphate. Sharp selectivity of action and a hypotoxicity for the person are caused by lack of necessary enzyme for formation of an acyclovir of triphosphate in intact cells of a macroorganism.

Acyclovir triphosphate, being built in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesized by a virus, blocks reproduction of a virus. Specificity and very high selectivity of action of an acyclovir are also caused by its preferential accumulation in the cells affected with a herpes virus.

It is highly active concerning the Herpes simplex 1 and 2 virus of types; the virus causing chicken pox and shingles (Varicella zoster); Epstein-Burra's virus (types of viruses are specified in ascending order of the size of the minimum overwhelming concentration (MOC) of an acyclovir).

It is moderately active concerning a cytomegalovirus (TsMV).

At herpes prevents formation of new elements of rash, reduces probability of skin dissimination and visceral complications, accelerates formation of crusts, reduces pain in an acute phase of the surrounding herpes.

 

Pharmacokinetics. The acyclovir easily gets through an epithelium of a cornea and creates therapeutic concentration in intraocular liquid. Now there are no methods of definition of an acyclovir in blood at its use in the form of an oculentum. The acyclovir at external use is defined only in urine, and in insignificant quantity. This concentration has no therapeutic value.

Indications to use:

— the herpetic keratitis caused by the Herpes simplex 1 or 2 virus of types.

Route of administration and doses:

To adults and children the oculentum in the form of a strip 1 cm long is put in the lower conjunctival sac of 5 times a day (each 4 h) before healing.

Treatment is continued within 3 days after healing.

Features of use:

Efficiency of treatment by that will be higher, than earlier it is begun (at the first symptoms of an infection).

During treatment the oculentum of an acyclovir does not recommend carrying contact lenses.

For implementation of medical effect of an acyclovir the condition of immune system of an organism matters. Patients with reduced immunity against the background of topical administration of ointment of an acyclovir should appoint system administration of drug, just as in case of a heavy and recurrent current of a herpes infection.

Influence on ability to driving of motor transport and to control of mechanisms

After drug use perhaps temporary decrease in clearness of visual perception, and before its recovery is not recommended to drive the car and to be engaged in the types of activity requiring special attention and reaction.

Side effects:

Side effects are given according to occurrence frequency during clinical trials: very often (> 10%); often (> 1% and <10%); infrequently (> 0.1% and <1%); seldom (> 0.01% and <0.1%); very seldom (<0.01%).

Allergic reactions: very seldom – reactions of immediate hypersensitivity (including a Quincke's disease).

From an organ of sight: infrequently – a dot superficial keratopathy (does not demand the termination of treatment and disappears without effects); often – easy the burning (which is taking place over time); infrequently – conjunctivitis; seldom – a blepharitis.

Interaction with other medicines:

Use together with immunostimulators strengthens effect of an acyclovir.

Contraindications:

— breastfeeding period;

— hypersensitivity to an acyclovir or a valatsiklovir.

Use of the drug ACYCLOVIR at pregnancy and feeding by a breast

Use of drug at pregnancy is possible if the potential advantage for mother surpasses possible risk for a fruit.

Drug is found in breast milk after receipt in a system blood stream of mother therefore for treatment breastfeeding should be stopped.

 

Use for children

To children the oculentum in the form of a strip 1 cm long is put in the lower conjunctival sac of 5 times a day (each 4 h) before healing.

Treatment is continued within 3 days after healing.

Overdose:

The overdose is possible at an accidental proglatyvaniye.

Symptoms: headache, neurologic disturbances, short wind, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, renal failure, lethargy, spasms, coma.

Treatment: maintenance of the vital functions, hemodialysis.

Storage conditions:

Drug should be stored in the place, unavailable to children, at a temperature from 15 to 25 °C. A period of validity - 3 years. After opening the oculentum should be used within 1 month.

Issue conditions:

Without recipe

Packaging:

5 g - aluminum (1) - packs cardboard.