Ambroxol

General characteristics. Structure:

International and chemical names: Ambroxol; trans-4-[(2-amino-3,5-dibrombenzil) amines] cyclohexanol hydrochloride;
main physical and chemical properties: colourless or slightly yellowish, transparent, viscous liquid, with a specific smell;
structure: 5 ml of syrup contain 15 mg of Ambroxol of a hydrochloride;
excipients: hydroxyethylcellulose, sorbite, saccharin sodium, anhydrous citric acid, glycerin, propylene glycol, Natrium benzoicum, fragrance food apricot, fragrance food orange, menthol, the water purified.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Ambroxol – synthetic sekretolitichesky and sekretomotorny means from group of benzylamines. Drug shows a promoting effect of rather serous cells of glands of a mucous membrane of bronchial tubes that leads to increase in secretion of slime and change of a ratio of serous and mucous components of a phlegm. It, and also activation of hydrolytic enzymes and increase in a physical activity of a ciliary epithelium of bronchial tubes causes department of a pathological secret from walls of bronchial tubes and improvement of its removal from respiratory tracts. Ambroxol increases the content of surfactant in lungs, and also prevents its destruction in pnevmotsita. It leads to normalization of rheological indicators of a phlegm, reducing its viscosity and adhesive properties. Drug directly stimulates a physical activity of a ciliary epithelium of bronchial tubes, prevents its adhesion and improves mukotsiliarny evacuation of a phlegm. As mucolytic drug and as an ekspektorant, Ambroxol improves function of external respiration. It is proved that drug reduces hyperreactivity of muscles of bronchial tubes of patients with bronchial asthma. Has insignificant antibechic effect. Ambroxol has antiinflammatory effect, and also antioxidant properties, stimulates local immunity. Therapeutic action develops in 30 minutes and lasts from 6 to 12 hours (depending on the accepted drug dose).
Drug can prevent development a distress syndrome at newborn and premature children as stimulates formation of surfactant.

Pharmacokinetics. At oral administration Ambroxol is quickly and completely soaked up in a GIT. Well gets into tissues of lungs. The maximum concentration of Ambroxol in a blood plasma is observed through 1/2 - 3 hours after oral administration. Bioavailability of drug makes 70 - 80%. An elimination half-life – 10 - 12 hours. Cumulation of drug is not observed. Extent of linkng with blood proteins – about 90%. After intake quickly gets into all bodies and fabrics, but the greatest concentration of drug is observed in lungs. Well gets through GEB, a placental barrier, cosecretes with breast milk. Metabolism of Ambroxol happens in a liver by conjugation to formation of inactive metabolites (glucuronides and dibromoantranilovy acid). To 90% of drug it is removed with urine.

Indications to use:

Ambroxol is intended for treatment at children of the acute and chronic respiratory diseases which are followed by formation of a viscous, hardly separable phlegm: a chronic obstructive disease of lungs, bronchial asthma with a slow otkhozhdeniye of a phlegm; bronchoectatic disease, pneumonia, inflammatory diseases of upper respiratory tracts (laryngitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, rhinitis); mucoviscidosis of lungs; for prevention and treatment of complications after lung operations; during preparation for a bronkhoskopiya and after the conducted research.

Route of administration and doses:

Ambroxol is accepted inside during food by means of measured spoons. To children from 6 to 12 years apply on 1 measured spoon (5 ml) 2 – 3 times a day, from 2 to 6 years – ½ measured spoons (2,5 ml) 3 times a day, 2 years – on ½ measured spoons (2,5 ml) 2 times a day are younger.
Treatment duration – 4-14 days.

Features of use:

Ambroxol 15 can be used a sick diabetes mellitus  (5 ml of syrup contain sorbite in the quantity corresponding 0,1 XE).

Side effects:

Ambroxol 15 is well perceived by an organism, but at prolonged use and reception of high doses of drug there can be heartburn, dyspepsia, feeling of overflow of a stomach, nausea, vomiting; seldom - allergic reactions in the form of skin rashes, a small tortoiseshell, a Quincke's disease. Hypersalivation, increase in secretion by a mucous membrane of a nose, a hyperthermia, a dysuria is possible.

Interaction with other medicines:

Drug raises a therapeutic effectiveness of doxycycline, a tsefuroksim and amoxicillin. Ambroxol 15 increases effective concentration of rifampicin in lungs; in an experiment oppression of growth of mycobacteria of tuberculosis is revealed. Use of drug along with cardiac glycosides, diuretics is possible. Therapeutic the Ambroxol 15 combination with theophylline is reasonable. It is not necessary to accept along with antibechic drugs.

Contraindications:

Peptic ulcer of a stomach and duodenum, hypersensitivity to Ambroxol and other components of syrup.

Overdose:

Cases of overdose are not described, but digestion disturbance, discomfort or pains in epigastric area, feeling of overflow of a stomach, nausea, vomiting are possible. In such cases it is necessary to stop administration of drug and to carry out symptomatic therapy.

Storage conditions:

In the dry, protected from light place at a temperature from 15 °C to 25 °C. A period of validity – 2 years.

Issue conditions:

Without recipe

Packaging:

Banks and bottles on 100 ml with a spoon measured or without it in packaging.