GLUCOSE

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: glucose; 1 l of solution of glucose of monohydrate (in terms of glucose anhydrous) – 100 g;

Excipient: water for injections.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Solution of glucose has the plasma substituting, hydrating, metabolic and disintoxication action. Supports the volume of the circulating blood and fills up the volume of the lost liquid. It is capable to cause a diuresis depending on a clinical condition of the patient.
 
Glucose is completely metabolized, can reduce losses of a protein and nitrogen, supports adjournment of a glycogen and reduces prevents a ketosis (excess formation of ketonic bodies at purpose of sufficient doses. In the course of metabolism of glucose in fabrics a significant amount of energy which is necessary for life activity of an organism is allocated.

Pharmacokinetics. Glucose level in blood normal fluctuates within 45-85 mg / 100 ml that corresponds to molar concentration of 3,0-5,6 mmol/l. For support of such levels at the adult with the body weight of 60-100 kg its daily reception has to make 100-200 g. The blood glucose contribution to the general osmolyarnist of plasma – 290 ¼Äß¼/l – is insignificant, only 5,6 ¼Äß¼/l. Thus, injection of solutions of glucose does not exert noticeable impact on increase in osmolarity of plasma as there is a bystry utilization of glucose. At patients reception of glucose is limited only to intravenous injections, the minimum daily requirement for prevention of acidosis makes 100 g of glucose (2000 ml of 5% of solution of glucose).

 Metabolism of glucose in an organism comes to the end with formation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water; during aerobic glycolysis of one of glucose 686 kcal or 4,1 kcal are allocated for 1 g.

 Removal of glucose is almost completely carried out by metabolism. Glucose in urine can be found in normal people only in the form of traces as it after glomerular filtering gets to primary urine – having completely soaked up in proximal tubules; this process lasts until glucose level in blood does not increase to value below of 200-240 mg / 100 ml.

Indications to use:

- hypoglycemia;
- parenteral food; 
- the disturbances connected with the raised albuminolysis owing to a gipoyergoz.

Route of administration and doses:

Drug is used intravenously kapelno. The dose for adults makes up to 1500 ml a day. The maximum daily dose for adults makes 2000 ml. If necessary the maximum rate of administering for adults – 150 drops a minute (500 ml/hour).

Features of use:

At prolonged intravenous use of drug control of level of sugar in blood is necessary. At administration of drug it is necessary to appoint insulin under skin at the rate of 1 PIECE to 4-5 g of glucose.
 
Ability to influence speed of response at control of motor transport or work with other mechanisms.

Data are absent in connection with use of drug in the conditions of a hospital.

Side effects:

From the central nervous system:
- very seldom
– confusion or loss of consciousness;

From endocrine system and metabolism:
- hyperglycemia;
- hypopotassemia;
- hypophosphatemia;
- hypomagnesiemia.

From an urinary system:
- polyuria;
- glucosuria.

From digestive tract:
- polydipsia;
- nausea.

General reactions of an organism:
- hypervolemia;
- feeling of inflows and erubescence;
- allergic reactions (hyperthermia, skin rashes, Quincke's disease, shock).

Side reactions in an injection site:
- pain in an injection site;
- irritation of veins, phlebitis, venous thrombosis.
In case of side reactions administration of solution should be stopped, to estimate a condition of the patient and to give help.

Interaction with other medicines:

At simultaneous use with thiazide diuretics and furosemide it is necessary to consider their ability to influence glucose level in serum. Insulin promotes hit of glucose in peripheral fabrics, stimulates formation of a glycogen, protein synthesis and fatty acids. Solution of glucose reduces toxic influence of Pyrazinamidum on a liver. Introduction of large volume of solution of glucose promotes development of a hypopotassemia that increases toxicity of at the same time used foxglove drugs. Glucose is incompatible in solutions with aminophylline, soluble barbiturates, erythromycin, a hydrocortisone, Kanamycinum, soluble streptocides, cyanocobalamine.

Contraindications:

Solution of glucose of 10% contraindicated to patients with:
 
- intracraneal and intra spinal hemorrhages except for states which are connected with a hypoglycemia and need of parenteral food;
- heavy hypertensive dehydration;
- hypersensitivity to active ingredient;
- a diabetic coma with a hyperglycemia;
- giperosmolyarny coma;
- glyukozo-galactose sprue.
 
Not to administer the drug along with blood preparations.

Overdose:

Symptoms. Strengthening of manifestations of side reactions. Takhipnoye, fluid lungs. Development of a hyperglycemia and an overhydratation is possible.
 
Treatment. In case of overdose of drug appoint a symptomatic treatment and if necessary – administration of drugs of usual insulin.

Storage conditions:

At a temperature not above 25 °C. To store in the place, unavailable to children.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

On 200 ml in bottles in a cardboard pack or without pack (in coordination with the consumer).