Glucose

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: glucose;

1 ml of drug contains glucose monohydrate of 0,4 g in terms of glucose anhydrous;

excipients: 0,1 M acid solution hydrochloric, sodium chloride, water for injections.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Glucose provides substrate replenishment of energy costs. At introduction to a vein of hypertonic salt solutions intravascular osmotic pressure increases, intake of liquid from fabrics in blood amplifies, processes of a metabolism accelerate, anti-toxic function of a liver improves, sokratitelny activity of a cardiac muscle amplifies, the diuresis increases. At introduction of hypertonic salt solution of glucose oxidation-reduction processes amplify, adjournment of a glycogen in a liver is activated.

Pharmacokinetics. After intravenous administration glucose with a blood flow comes to bodies and fabrics where joins in metabolism processes. Reserves of glucose are postponed in cells of many fabrics in the form of a glycogen. Entering glycolysis process, glucose is metabolized to pyruvate or a lactate, in aerobic conditions pyruvate is completely metabolized to carbon dioxide and water with formation of energy in the form of ATP. End products of full oxidation of glucose are allocated with lungs and kidneys.
Pharmaceutical characteristics

Main physical and chemical properties: transparent colourless or slightly yellowish liquid.

Indications to use:

Hypoglycemia.

Route of administration and doses:

Glucose enters solution of 40% intravenously (very slowly), the adult – on 20-40-50 ml on introduction. If necessary enter kapelno, with a speed up to 30 thaws/min. (1,5 ml/kg/h). A dose for adults at intravenous drop administration – to 300 ml a day. The maximum daily dose for adults – 15 ml/kg, but is no more than 1000 ml in days.

Features of use:

Use during pregnancy or feeding by a breast

Glucose infusions to pregnant women with a normoglikemiya can lead to a fruit hyperglycemia, cause in it a metabolic acidosis. It is important to consider the last, especially when the distress of a fruit or a hypoxia are already caused by other perinatal factors.

Children

Drug is used to children only to destination and under observation of the doctor.

Drug should be used under control of level of sugar in blood and the level of electrolytes.

It is not recommended to appoint glucose solution during the acute period of a severe craniocereberal injury, at an acute disorder of cerebral circulation as drug can increase damage of structures of a brain and worsen the course of a disease (except cases of correction of a hypoglycemia).

At a hypopotassemia administration of glucose of solution needs to be combined along with correction of deficit of potassium (because of danger of strengthening of a hypopotassemia).

For the best digestion of glucose at normoglikemichesky states it is desirable to combine administration of drug with purpose (subcutaneously) of insulin of short action at the rate of 1 PIECE on 4-5 g of glucose (dry matter).

Not to apply solution subcutaneously and intramusculary.

Contents of an ampoule can be used only for one patient, after disturbance of tightness of an ampoule unused solution should be thrown out.
Ability to influence speed of response at control of motor transport or work with other mechanisms

There are no data.

Side effects:

Reactions in an injection site: pain in an injection site, irritation of veins, phlebitis, venous thrombosis;

disturbances from endocrine system and metabolism: hyperglycemia, hypopotassemia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesiemia, acidosis;

narusheniyasostoronymochevydelitelny system: polyuria, glucosuria;

disturbances from a digestive tract: polydipsia, nausea;

general reactions of an organism: hypervolemia, allergic reactions (fervescence, skin rashes, Quincke's disease, shock).

In case of side reaction administration of solution should be stopped, to estimate a condition of the patient and to give help.

Interaction with other medicines:

Glucose solution of 40% should not be entered in one syringe with hexamethylenetetramine as glucose is a strong oxidizer. It is not recommended to mix in one syringe with alkaline solutions: with the general anesthetics and hypnotic drugs as their activity, solutions of alkaloids decreases; inactivates streptomycin, reduces efficiency of nystatin.

Under the influence of thiazide diuretics and furosemide tolerance to glucose decreases. Insulin promotes hit of glucose in peripheral fabrics, stimulates formation of a glycogen, protein synthesis and fatty acids. Solution of glucose reduces toxic influence of Pyrazinamidum on a liver. Introduction of large volume of solution of glucose promotes development of a hypopotassemia that increases toxicity of at the same time used foxglove drugs.

Contraindications:

It is contraindicated to patients to apply solution of glucose of 40% with: intracraneal and intra spinal hemorrhage except for the states connected with a hypoglycemia; heavy dehydration, including a tremens; hypersensitivity to drug components; anury; the diabetes mellitus and other states which is followed by a hyperglycemia; glyukozo-galactose sprue. Not to administer the drug along with blood preparations.

Overdose:

At overdose of drug the hyperglycemia, a glucosuria, increase in osmotic pressure of blood (develops up to development of a hyper glycemic coma), an overhydratation and disturbance of electrolytic balance. In this case drug is cancelled and appoint insulin at the rate of 1 PIECE to each 0,45-0,9 mmol of glucose of blood before achievement of level of glucose of blood of 9 mmol/l. Level of glucose of blood should be reduced gradually. Along with purpose of insulin carry out infusion of the balanced saline solutions.

If necessary appoint a symptomatic treatment.

Storage conditions:

Period of validity. 5 years. Not to use drug after the termination of the period of validity specified on packaging. To store at a temperature not over 25 ºС. To store in the place, unavailable to children.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

On 10 ml or 20 ml in an ampoule. On 5 or 10 ampoules in a pack. On 5 ampoules in the blister, on 1 or 2 blisters in a pack.