Chronic monocytic leukosis

Description:

The chronic monocytic leukosis is a tumoral process with significant increase in maintenance of monocytic cells at a normal or low leukocytosis.

Most often with it people of advanced age, as a rule, get sick 50 years are more senior, cases of children of the first years of life are extremely rare.

Symptoms Chronic monocytic leukosis:

The chronic monocytic leukosis differs in slow progressing within many months and even years. Its features are the monocytosis of peripheral blood, increase in maintenance of monocytes in marrow, lack of defeat of other sprouts of a hemopoiesis.

Positive reactions to nonspecific esterase and naphthylamineazu, slabopolozhitelny reaction with Sudan black, increase (in tens of times in comparison with norm) quantities of a lysozyme in blood serum and in urine are characteristic. At late stages of a disease anemia and thrombocytopenia join, in a gemogramma also normoblasts, promonocytes and monoblasts can come to light single eritro-. Normo-or hyperchromic anemia sometimes a long time - the only symptom of a disease. In marrow suppression eritro-and a megakariotsitopoeza along with a monocytosis, increase in quantity of promonocytes and monoblasts is noted. At most of patients SOE is considerably raised. Increase in quantity of plasmocytes and immunoglobulins can be observed, cases with a monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia are described. The spleen hyperplasia meets, a hepatomegalia, increase in peripheral lymph nodes is less characteristic. In a disease end-stage sometimes find young forms - promonocytes and monoblasts; against the background of deep thrombocytopenia the hemorrhagic syndrome often develops. Fever, tendency to infections is seldom noted.

Reasons Chronic monocytic leukosis:

Many patients long have no suppression of an erythrocyte and platelet sprout of a hemopoiesis, but sometimes is early shown and anemia which can remain the only display of a disease for many years does not give in to any therapy. So significant increase in monocytes in blood can accompany many other diseases (for example, tuberculosis, Valdenstrem's macroglobulinemias, some types of cancer), diagnosis of a chronic monocytic leukosis requires more or less long observation of a blood picture for an exception of other somatopathies.

Treatment Chronic monocytic leukosis:

The high-quality stage of a chronic monocytic leukosis does not demand any special treatment. Patients with anemia need repeated packed red cells transfusions. At increase of cytopenias or emergence of a hemorrhagic syndrome usually appoints small doses of glucocorticoids. I.e. treatment is symptomatic, but not etiotropic (directed to a cause of illness). T

Treatment of a chronic monocytic leukosis in the developed stage does not demand special treatment, only at deep anemia periodic transfusion of eritrotsitny weight is necessary. At increase of thrombocytopenia and emergence of a hemorrhagic syndrome purpose of small doses of corticosteroid hormones is reasonable.

The end-stage at chronic monocytic and at a myelosis demands use of a combination of the cytostatic drugs used usually at treatment of acute leukoses: Vincristinum and Prednisolonum, ВАМПа, Cytosarum and rubomitsin.

Average life expectancy of patients with a chronic monocytic leukosis makes 5-10 years and more.