Levomycetinum

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: 0,5 g of levomycetinum.

Excipients: potato starch, polyvinylpirrolidone (povidone), calcium stearate.

Bacteriostatic antibiotic of a broad spectrum of activity.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Breaks process of synthesis of protein in a microbic cell. It is effective concerning strains of the bacteria steady against penicillin, tetracyclines, streptocides. It is active concerning many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, causative agents of purulent infections, a typhoid, dysentery, meningococcal infection, hemophilic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteria spp., Shigella flexneri spp., Shigella boydii spp., Shigella sonnei spp., Salmonella spp. (including Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi), Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Neisseria meningitidis, number of strains of Proteus spp., Pseudomonas pseudomallei, Rickettsia spp., Treponema spp., Leptospira spp., Chlamydia spp. (including Chlamydia trachomatis), Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia canis, Bacteroides fragilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae.

He affects acid resisting bacteria (including Mycobacterium tuberculosis), a pyocyanic stick, clostridiums, strains, steady against Methicillinum, staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia marcescens, indolpositive strains of Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa spp., protozoa and mushrooms. Stability of microorganisms develops slowly

Pharmacokinetics. Absorption - 90% (bystry and almost full). Bioavailability - 80%. Communication with proteins of plasma - 50-60%, at premature newborn-32%. Time of achievement of the maximum concentration after oral administration of-1-3 h. Distribution volume — 0.6-1.0 l/kg.

Therapeutic concentration in blood remains during 4-5 h after reception. Well gets into liquids and body tissues. The greatest concentration are created in a liver and kidneys. In bile about 30% of the entered dose are found. The maximum concentration in cerebrospinal fluid is defined by 4-5 h after single introduction inside and can reach at an uninflammed meninx 21-50% of the maximum concentration in plasma and 45-89% - at a vosyopalenny meninx.

Passes through a placental barrier, concentration in blood serum of a fruit can make 30-80% of concentration in mother's blood. Gets into breast milk. The main quantity (90%) is metabolized in pecheyon. In intestines under the influence of colibacilli it is hydrolyzed with formation of inactive metabolites. It is removed during 24 h by kidneys - 90% (by glomerular filtering — 5-10% in not changed look, by canalicular secretion in the form of inactive metabolites - 80%), through intestines - 1-3%.

Elimination half-life at adults - 1.5-3.5 h, at a renal failure - 3-11 h. An elimination half-life children - from 1 month to 16 years - 3-6.5 h, at newborn from 1 to 2 days have 24 h and more (varies osoyobenno at children with small body weight at the birth), 10-16 days — 10 h. Poorly is exposed to a hemodialysis

Indications to use:

The diseases caused by sensitive microorganisms including brain abscess, typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonellosis (mainly, generalized forms), dysentery, a brucellosis, a tularemia, Ku's fever, a meningococcal infection, rickettsioses (including a sapropyra, trachoma, spotty fever of the Rocky Mountains), a psittacosis, an inguinal lymphogranuloma, clamidioses, iyersinioza, эрлихиоз, infections of urinary tract, a purulent wound fever, pneumonia, purulent peritonitis, infections of biliary tract, purulent otitis

Route of administration and doses:

Inside (in 30 min. prior to food, and at development of nausea and vomiting - in 1 h after food, 3-4 times a day). A single dose for adults - 0,25-0,5 g, daily - 2 g/days. At severe forms of infections (including at a typhoid, peritonitis), in the conditions of a hospital increase in a dose to 3-4 g/days is possible. To children each 6 h or on 25 mg/kg (basis) each 12 h appoint under control of concentration of drug in blood serum 12,5 mg/kg (basis), at heavy infections (bacteremia, meningitis) - to 75-100 mg/kg (bases)/days. The average duration of a course of treatment - 8-10 days

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity, oppression of a marrowy hemopoiesis, acute intermittent porphyria, deficit glyukozo-6-fosfatdegidrogenazy, pechenochyony and or a renal failure, skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema, fungal infections), pregnancy, the lactation period, children's age up to 2 years

Storage conditions:

List B. In the place, dry, protected and unavailable to children, the Period of validity of 5 years. Not to use after the expiry date specified on packaging.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

Tablets on 0,5 g. On 10 tablets in blister strip packagings. 2 planimetric packagings together with the application instruction place in a pack.