Pentoksifillin

General characteristics. Structure:

Active ingredient: 100 mg of a pentoksifillin.

Excipients: sodium chloride, sodium of a fosf monosubstituted, water for injections.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Improves microcirculation and rheological properties of blood, has vasodilating effect, blocks phosphodiesterase and promotes accumulation ts-AMF in cells. Increases elasticity of a membrane of erythrocytes, reduces their adhesion, reduces aggregation of thrombocytes and viscosity of blood. Blocks adenosine receptors.

Pharmacokinetics. It is metabolized by a liver. In the course of metabolism several active metabolites are formed. Drug is removed generally through kidneys in the form of metabolites. Less than 4% of the entered dose are removed with a stake. At patients with the broken function of a liver bioavailability of drug increases and extended its elimination half-life.

Indications to use:

- Disturbances of peripheric circulation.

- Ischemic cerebral stroke; disturbances of blood circulation of a brain owing to atherosclerosis, distsirkulyatorny encephalopathy.

- The trophic disturbances of fabrics and bodies connected with thrombosis of arteries or veins, a varicosity, freezing injury.

- Diabetic angiopatiya. Disturbances of blood circulation in vessels of an eye, the dysfunctions of a middle ear of vascular genesis which are followed by relative deafness.

Route of administration and doses:

The drug can be administered intravenously, vnutriarterialno.

Intravenously kapelno it is entered slowly in a dose of 0,1 g into 250-500 ml of isotonic solution of sodium of chloride or into 5% glucose solution (introduction duration - 90180 minutes); vnutriarterialno - at first in a dose of 0,1 g in 20-50 ml of isotonic solution of sodium of chloride, and in the next days - on 0,2-0,3 g in 30-50 ml of solvent (rate of administering: 0,1 g (5 ml of 2% of solution of a pentoksifillin) within 10 minutes).

Features of use:

Pregnancy and period of feeding by a breast. Treatment of pregnant women pentoksifilliny is contraindicated. Drug gets into breast milk therefore the feeding women have to or refrain from feeding, or other treatment has to be appointed by it.

Compatibility of solution of a pentoksifillin with infusion solution should be checked in each case. When performing intravenous infusions of the patient has to be in a prone position.

Drug is well transferred by patients at the recommended speed of infusion or at injections. At intravenous and intra arterial administration of drug it is necessary to be careful. The dose of drug has to be lowered for patients with low and unstable arterial pressure. At elderly people removal of drug decreases in this connection reduction of a dose of drug can be required.

Safety and efficiency of a pentoksifillin at children were not studied.

Smoking can reduce a therapeutic effectiveness of drug.

Side effects:

From a nervous system: headache, dizziness, uneasiness, sleep disorders, spasms.

From integuments: a dermahemia of the person, "inflows" of blood to face skin and an upper part of a thorax, hypostases, the increased fragility of nails.

From digestive tract: kserotomiya, anorexia, intestines atony, exacerbation of cholecystitis, cholestatic hepatitis.

From sense bodys: vision disorders, scotoma.

From cardiovascular system: tachycardia, arrhythmia, cardialgia, progressing of stenocardia, lowering of arterial pressure.

From system of a hemostasis and bodies of a hemopoiesis: thrombocytopenia, a leukopenia, a pancytopenia, a hypofibrinogenemia, bleedings from vessels of skin, mucous membranes of a stomach, intestines.

Allergic reactions: itch, urticaria, dermahemia, Quincke's disease, acute anaphylaxis.

Laboratory indicators: increase in activity of "hepatic" transaminases (ALT, ACT, LDG) and alkaline phosphatase.

Interaction with other medicines:

- пентоксифиллин can strengthen effect of other medicines influencing coagulant system of blood (indirect and direct anticoagulants, trombolitik);
- strengthens influence on system of coagulation of such drugs as цефамандол, цефоперазон, цефотетан, valproic acid;
- пентоксифиллин can strengthen effect of anti-hypertensive drugs, insulin, peroral glucose-lowering drugs;
- Cimetidinum increases stable concentration of a pentoksifillin in a blood plasma in this connection increase of emergence of side effects of the last can be observed.

Joint appointment with other drugs, representatives of this group, can strengthen excitement of TsNS.

Contraindications:

- hypersensitivity to a pentoksifillin and similar drugs and substances from group of ksantinovy derivatives, such as theophylline, caffeine, Aminophyllinum or theobromine;
- acute myocardial infarction;
- massive bleeding;
- hematencephalon;
- massive retinal apoplexy;
- age up to 18 years;
- the expressed coronary or cerebral atherosclerosis;
- the expressed disturbances of a heart rhythm;
- uncontrollable arterial hypotension.

With care. To apply at patients with lability of arterial pressure, tendency to arterial hypotension, heart failure and diseases of a liver and kidneys, after recently postponed operative measures.

Overdose:

First signs of overdose: weakness, dizziness, tachycardia and lowering of arterial pressure, drowsiness development, syncope, excitement, spasms.

Symptomatic treatment: maintenance or recovery of arterial pressure, breath function maintenance.

Storage conditions:

List B. To store in the place protected from light at a temperature not above 25 °C.
To store in the place, unavailable to children. A period of validity - 2 years. Not to use after the term specified on packaging.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

Solution for intravenous and intra arterial administration of 20 mg/ml in ampoules on 5 ml. On 5 or 10 ampoules in a pack, a box. Put a knife in each pack (box) ampoule or the scarificator ampoule and the application instruction. When packaging drug in the import ampoules having a tension ring for opening the knife ampoule or the scarificator is not put. On 10 ampoules in a blister strip packaging. The blister strip packaging with the application instruction and a knife ampoule is placed in a pack.