Burn disease

Description:

The burn disease is a set of clinical symptoms, the general reactions of an organism and dysfunction of internals at thermal injuries of skin and subjects of fabrics.  Symptoms of a burn disease are observed at superficial burns more than 15-25% of a body surface and deep burns more than 10%.

Symptoms of the Burn disease:

At a burn disease are involved in pathological process the central and peripheral nervous system undergoing considerable both functional, and morphological changes. During the first hours burn shock approximately at 25% of victims the excitement which is replaced in process of deepening of shock by block is observed. Deep reflexes at the same time are raised, the Babinski's reflex can be defined. Painful sensitivity of not burned skin decreases, the dermographism is oppressed.

Against the background of a burn toxaemia and an infection the meningism is possible, meningitis sometimes develops. Purulent meningitis is caused by hematogenous or contact spread of an infection on a meninx. Burns with damage of bones of a calvaria often are complicated by Epi – and subdural abscesses. Among the mental disturbances complicating the course of a burn disease delirious and delirious and oneiric states prevail.

Both the toxi-infectious period, and the period of burn exhaustion can be complicated by organic lesions of a brain of noninflammatory character (burn encephalopathy). The leading pathogenetic mechanisms of burn encephalopathy – disturbance of permeability of vessels, a hypoxia and hypostasis of substance of a brain. Such syndromes of burn encephalopathy as amaurotically - convulsive, hyperkinetic, delirious and amental, scattered organic symptoms, asthenic, vegetative and trophic disturbances are clinically most important.

Superficially lying nervous trunks can be surprised already at the time of the burn occupying the area of their projection to sufficient depth. Most often at the same time fibular, elbow and median nerves are surprised. On the 3-4th week of a burn disease single and multiple neuritis, various on a pathogeny, are possible: infectious and allergic, toxic, and also caused by distribution of a necrosis on the superficial site of a nervous trunk. At burn exhaustion polyneurites of the burned and not burned extremities are frequent.

Reasons of the Burn disease:

The major factor defining weight of a burn disease, its outcome and the forecast is the area of deep burns. The age of the victim and localization of a burn is of great importance.
At people of senile age and children even 5% of a body surface can lead deep defeat to a lethal outcome. There were many theories of a pathogeny of a burn disease.
Dyupyuitren explained development of the general disturbances in an organism and approach of death at burns with development of the neuroreflex shock connected with strong pain stimulation and fear during receiving damage.
Baradok and Troyanov connected development of the general symptoms with plazmopotery, leading to a pachemia and disturbance of blood circulation. The ideas of disturbance were introduced at the increased temperature of function of red blood cells, etc.

Treatment of the Burn disease:

The main way of treatment and the prevention of neurologic disturbances at a burn disease is recovery of an integument. The pathogenetic means corresponding to different types of complications are shown: the drugs reducing permeability of vessels, tranquilizers, antikholinesterazny drugs and other means of recovery therapy.