Ascorbic acid

General characteristics. Structure:

Active agent: ascorbic acid of 1 g and 2,5 g.

Pharmacological properties:

Vitamin means, has metabolic effect, is not formed in a human body, and arrives only with food. Participates in regulation of oxidation-reduction processes, carbohydrate metabolism, coagulability of blood, an angenesis, in synthesis of steroid hormones; increases resistance of an organism to infections, reduces vascular permeability, reduces the need for B1, B2, A, E vitamins, folic acid, pantothenic acid. Has the expressed antioxidant properties. Regulates hydrogen transport in many biochemical reactions, improves use of glucose in a cycle of tricarboxylic acids, participates in formation of tetragidrofo-liyevy acid and an angenesis, synthesis of steroid hormones, collagen, procollagen. Maintains colloidal state of intercellular substance and normal permeability of capillaries (oppresses hyaluronidase). Activates proteolytic enzymes, participates in exchange of aromatic amino acids, pigments and cholesterol, promotes accumulation in a glycogen liver. Due to activation of respiratory enzymes in a liver strengthens its detoksikatsionny and belkovoobrazovatelny functions, increases synthesis of a prothrombin. Improves bile secretion, recovers vneshnesekretorny function of a pancreas and incretory — thyroid.

Indications to use:

Prevention and treatment hypo - and vitamin C avitaminosis;
As supportive application: the hemorrhagic diathesis, nasal, uterine, pulmonary and other bleedings including caused by a radial illness; overdose of anticoagulants, the digestive tract diseases which are followed by vitamin C absorption disturbance; injuries.
The states which are followed by the increased need for vitamin C: the raised exercise and intellectual stresses, the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding, the recovery period after long diseases.

Route of administration and doses:

Inside, after food. Powder is used for preparation of drinks — 1 g (contents of one sachet bag) of powder of ascorbic acid — on 1 l of water or 2,5 g of powder of ascorbic acid (contents of one sachet bag) on 2,5 l of water. Solution is accepted freshly cooked, according to the dosages offered below. For dosing use of a medical measured glass is recommended. For prevention: the adult on 50 mg-100 of mg (50 ml-100 of ml) a day, to children since 5 years on 50 mg (50 ml) a day.
For treatment: the adult on 50 mg-100 of mg (50 ml-100 of ml) of 3-5 times a day, to children since 5 years on 50 mg (50 ml) of-100 mg (100 ml) 2-3 times a day. During pregnancy and breastfeeding on 300 mg (300 ml) a day within 10-15 days, further — on 100 mg (100 ml) a day. For adults: the maximum single dose — 200 mg, daily — 1 g, for children — 50-100 mg/days.

Features of use:

In connection with a promoting effect of ascorbic acid on synthesis of glyukokortiko-steroid hormones, it is necessary to monitor function of kidneys and arterial pressure. At prolonged use of high doses oppression of function of the insulyarny device of a pancreas therefore in the course of its treatment it is regularly necessary to control is possible. At patients with the increased content of iron in an organism it is necessary to apply ascorbic acid in the minimum doses. Purpose of ascorbic acid to patients with quickly proliferating and intensively metastasizing tumors can aggravate the course of process. Ascorbic acid as a reducer, can distort results of various laboratory tests (content in blood of glucose, bilirubin, activity of transaminases, LDG).

Side effects:

- From the central nervous system (CNS): a headache, feeling of fatigue, at
prolonged use of high doses — increase in excitability of TsNS, a sleep disorder.
- From the alimentary system: irritation mucous digestive tract, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach spasms.
- From endocrine system: oppression of function of the insulyarny device of a pancreas (hyperglycemia, glucosuria).
From an urinary system: at use in high doses — a giperoksalaturiya and formation of urinary stones from oxalate calcium.
- From cardiovascular system: thrombosis, at use in high doses — increase in arterial pressure, development of mikroangiopatiya, a myocardial dystrophy.
- Allergic reactions: skin rash, it is rare — an acute anaphylaxis.
- Laboratory indicators: thrombocytosis, hyper-protrombinemiya, erythropenia, neutrophylic leukocytosis, hypopotassemia.
- Other: a hypervitaminosis, feeling of heat, at prolonged use of high doses — a delay of sodium and liquid, disturbance of exchange of zinc, copper.
- At emergence of any side effects it is necessary to stop administration of drug and to see a doctor.

Interaction with other medicines:

Increases concentration in blood of benzylpenicillin and tetracyclines; in a dose of 1 g/days increases bioavailability of ethinylestradiol. Improves absorption in intestines of iron preparations (transfers trivalent iron to bivalent); can raise iron excretion at simultaneous use with Deferoxaminum.
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASK), oral contraceptives, fresh juice and alkaline drink reduce absorption and assimilation. At simultaneous use with ASK removal with urine of ascorbic acid increases and ASK excretion decreases. ASK reduces absorption of ascorbic acid approximately by 30%. Increases risk of development of a crystalluria at treatment by salicylates and streptocides of short action, slows down removal by kidneys of acids, increases removal of the drugs having alkali reaction (including alkaloids), reduces concentration in blood of oral contraceptives. Increases the general clearance of ethanol which, in turn, reduces concentration of ascorbic acid in an organism. Drugs хи Nol and a new row (a ftorkhinolona, etc.), Calcii chloridum, salicylates, glucocorticosteroids at prolonged use exhaust reserves of ascorbic acid. At simultaneous use reduces chronotropic action of an izoprenalin. At prolonged use or use in high doses Disulfiramum ethanol can break interaction. In high doses raises renal excretion of a meksiletin.
Barbiturates and Primidonum increase removal of ascorbic acid with urine. Reduces therapeutic action of antipsychotic means (derivatives of a fenotiazin), a canalicular reabsorption of amphetamine and tricyclic antidepressants. Reduces efficiency of heparin and indirect anticoagulants.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to drug components, thrombophlebitises, tendency to fibrinferments, a diabetes mellitus.

With CARE: Giperoksalaturiya, a renal failure, hemochromatosis, a thalassemia, a polycythemia, leukemia, sideroblastny anemia, deficit glyukozo-6-fosfatdegidrogenazy, a sickemia, the progressing malignant diseases, pregnancy, oxarods, a nephrolithiasis.

USE DURING PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING
The minimum daily need for ascorbic acid for the II-III trimesters of pregnancy — about 60 mg. The minimum daily requirement during breastfeeding — 80 mg. Mother's diet containing adequate amount of ascorbic acid is sufficient for prevention of deficit of vitamin C at the baby. During pregnancy and breastfeeding it is not necessary to exceed the recommended dosages of ascorbic acid.

Overdose:

At reception more than 1 g a day heartburn, diarrhea, the complicated urination and/or coloring of urine in red color, hemolysis are possible (at patients with deficit glyukozo-6-fosfatdegidrogenazy). At emergence of symptoms of overdose it is necessary to see a doctor.

Storage conditions:

In dry, protected from light, the place, unavailable to children, at a temperature not above 25 °C.

Issue conditions:

Without recipe

Packaging:

Powder for preparation of solution for intake on 1 g and 2,5 g. On 1 g and 2,5 g in the thermowelded packages from material of the combined film tseflen or from paper packaging with a polymeric covering, or from paper with a polyethylene covering for packaging of medical supplies, or from paper with a single-layer polyvinylidene chloride covering.
On 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 packages in a pack of an investment of equal number of application instructions.