Phenobarbital, tablets of 100 mg No. 10

General characteristics. Structure:

Pharmacological properties:

Treats the list of strong and toxic agents (PKKN list).

Indications to use:

• epilepsy (all types of attacks except for absentias epileptica), spasms
 not epileptic genesis;
• chorea;
• spastic paralysis;
• sleep disorders, excitement, alarm, fear.

Route of administration and doses:

 Inside. For adults:
• sleep disorders: 100-200 mg for 0,5-1 h to a dream.
• as sedative medicine: 50 mg 2-3 times a day.
• as an anticonvulsant: 50-100 mg 2 times a day.
At depression of function of a liver it is necessary to appoint in smaller doses.

Features of use:

It is necessary to avoid prolonged use of drug in connection with a possibility of its cumulation in an organism and accustoming development.
In order to avoid development of a syndrome of "cancellation" (headaches, "dreadful" dreams, drowsiness and/or sleeplessness) it is necessary to stop treatment gradually.
During treatment driving, and also occupation is not recommended by the types of activity demanding speed of psychomotor reactions.

Side effects:

From a nervous system: an adynamy, dizziness, the general weakness, an ataxy, a nystagmus, paradoxical reaction (especially the elderly and weakened patients have an excitement), hallucinations, a depression, "dreadful" dreams, sleep disorders, a syncope.
From a musculoskeletal system: at prolonged use - disturbance of bone formation and development of rickets.
From the alimentary system: nausea, vomiting, a lock, at prolonged use - an abnormal liver function.
From bodies of a hemopoiesis: agranulocytosis, megaloblastny anemia, thrombocytopenia.
From cardiovascular system: lowering of arterial pressure. Allergic reactions: skin rash, a small tortoiseshell, puffiness a century, persons and lips, the complicated breath, is rare - exfoliative dermatitis, a malignant exudative erythema { Stephens-Johnson's syndrome).

Interaction with other medicines:

Phenytoinum and Valproatums increase the content of phenobarbital in blood serum. Anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital decreases at a concomitant use with Reserpinum, increases at a combination to amitriptyline, Nialamidum, diazepam, hlordiaazepoksidy.
Reduces efficiency of oral contraceptives and salicylates.
Reduces the content in blood of indirect anticoagulants, glucocorticosteroids, griseofulvin, doxycycline, the estrogen and other medicines which are metabolized in a liver on the way of oxidation (accelerates their destruction).
Strengthens effect of alcohol, neuroleptics, narcotic analgetics, muscle relaxants sedative and hypnagogues.
Somnolent effect of phenobarbital decreases at a concomitant use with atropine, belladonna extract, a dextrose, thiamin, niacin, analeptics and psychogogic drugs.
Reduces antibacterial activity of antibiotics and streptocides, antifungal effect of griseofulvin.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to any of drug components, the expressed liver and/or renal failure, medicinal dependence (including in the anamnesis), hyperkinesias, a myasthenia, the expressed anemia, a porphyria, a diabetes mellitus, a hypoadrenalism, a hyperthyroidism, a depression, bronkhoobstruktivny diseases, active alcoholism, pregnancy, the lactation period.

In this dosage it is not applied at children in connection with impossibility of exact dosing (for children the containing 5 mg or 50 mg of phenobarbital use tablets).

With care: at the weakened patients (high risk of emergence of paradoxical excitement, a depression and confusion of consciousness even at purpose of usual doses).

Overdose:

Symptoms: a nystagmus, an ataxy, dizziness, a headache, block, the greased speech, the expressed weakness, decrease or loss of reflexes. the expressed drowsiness or excitement, increase or fall of temperature of a body, respiratory depression, short wind, the lowering of arterial pressure, narrowing of pupils (which is replaced by paralytic expansion), an oliguria, takhi-or bradycardia, cyanosis, confusion of consciousness, the termination of electric activity of a brain, a fluid lungs, a coma, later - pneumonia, arrhythmias, heart failure; at reception of 2-10 g - a lethal outcome; at chronic toxicity - irritability, easing of ability to critical evaluation, sleep disorders, confusion of consciousness.
Treatment: there is no specific antidote. Gastric lavage, reception of absorbent carbon, performing disintoxication therapy, symptomatic treatment, maintenance of the vital functions of an organism.

Storage conditions:

Period of validity: 5 years. Not to use after the term specified on packaging. Treats the list of strong and toxic agents (PKKN list). In cool, dry, protected from light and the place, unavailable to children.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

Tablets of 100 mg. On 6 tablets in planimetric bezjyacheykovy packaging or on 10 tablets in a blister strip packaging. 1 planimetric bezjyacheykovy packaging or 1 or 2 blister strip packagings with the application instruction in a pack from a cardboard.