Loratadin

General characteristics. Structure:

Active agent: лоратадин — 10 mg;

Excipients: lactose (sugar milk) — 140,0 mg, sodium carboxymethylstarch — 3,0 mg, starch corn — 9,2 mg, cellulose microcrystallic — 36,0 mg, magnesium stearate — 1,8 mg.

Pharmacological properties:

H1 blocker - histamine receptors (long action). Suppresses release of a histamine and C4 leukotriene from mast cells. Prevents development and facilitates the course of allergic reactions. Possesses antiallergic, antipruritic, antiexudative action. Reduces permeability of capillaries, edematization of fabrics warns, removes spasms of smooth muscles. The antiallergic effect develops in 30 min., reaches a maximum in 8-12 h and lasts 24 h. Does not influence the central nervous system and does not cause accustoming (since does not get through a blood-brain barrier).

Pharmacokinetics. It is quickly and completely soaked up in digestive tract. Time of achievement of the maximum concentration — 1,3-2,5 h; meal slows down it on 1 h. The maximum concentration at elderly people increases for 50%, at alcoholic damage of a liver — with increase in disease severity. Communication with proteins of plasma — 97%. It is metabolized in a liver with formation of an active metabolite of a deskarboetoksiloratadin with the participation of isoenzymes of CYP3A4 cytochrome and to a lesser extent CYP2D6. Equilibrium concentration of a loratadin and metabolite in plasma are reached on 5 days of introduction. Does not get through a blood-brain barrier. An elimination half-life of a loratadin — 3-20 h (on average 8,4), an active metabolite — 8,8-92 h (on average 28 h); elderly patients respectively have 6,7-37 h (on average 18,2 h) and 11-38 h (17,5 h). At alcoholic damage of a liver the elimination half-life increases in proportion to disease severity. It is removed by kidneys and through intestines. At patients with a chronic renal failure and when carrying out a hemodialysis the pharmacokinetics practically does not change.

Indications to use:

Allergic rhinitis (seasonal and year-round), conjunctivitis, pollinosis, small tortoiseshell (including chronic idiopathic), Quincke's edema, pruritic dermatosis; the pseudo-allergic reactions caused by release of a histamine; allergic reactions to stings of insects.

Route of administration and doses:

Inside.
To adults and children 12 years are more senior: on 10 mg (1 tablet) once a day. A daily dose — 10 mg.
To children from 3rd to 12 years on 5 mg (1/2 tablets) once a day. Daily dose of 5 mg. To children with body weight more than 30 kg — on 10 mg of drug of 1 times a day. A daily dose — 10 mg.

Features of use:

During treatment it is necessary to abstain from occupations potentially dangerous types of activity demanding the increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Side effects:

The undesirable phenomena which are listed below at use of a loratadin met frequency> 2% and approximately with the same frequency, as at use of placebo ("baby's dummy").
At adults: a headache, fatigue, dryness in a mouth, drowsiness, gastrointestinal frustration (nausea, gastritis), and also allergic reactions in the form of rash. Besides, there were rare messages on an anaphylaxis, an alopecia, abnormal liver function, heartbeat, tachycardia.
At children seldom: headache, nervousness, sedative action.

Interaction with other medicines:

Ethanol reduces efficiency of a loratadin. Erythromycin, Cimetidinum, кетоконазол, at combined use with loratadiny, increase concentration of a loratadin in a blood plasma, without causing clinical manifestations and without influencing an ECG. Inductors of a microsomal oxidation (Phenytoinum, barbiturates, зиксорин, rifampicin, phenylbutazone, tricyclic antidepressants) reduce efficiency of a loratadin.

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy, the lactation period, children's age up to 3 years.

Overdose:

Symptoms: drowsiness, tachycardia, headache. In case of overdose it is necessary to see a doctor.
Treatment: induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, reception of absorbent carbon.

Storage conditions:

To store in the dry, protected from light place at a temperature not above 25 °C. To store in the place, unavailable to children.

Issue conditions:

Without recipe

Packaging:

Tablets of 10 mg.
On 10 tablets in a blister strip packaging.
On 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 100 tablets in a container polymeric for medicines or a bottle from glass melt with the screwed plastic covers. One container (bottle) or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 or 10 blister strip packagings together with the application instruction place in a pack from a cardboard. On 5, 10 or 20 containers (bottles) or on 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 blister strip packagings together with the corresponding number of application instructions place in a box from a cardboard (for hospitals).