Hypotrophy

Description:

Hypotrophy - the chronic frustration of food caused by insufficient receipt in an organism of nutrients or disturbance of their assimilation and which is characterized by decrease in body weight.

Occurs preferential at children up to 2 years, is more often than the first year of life. Are divided by time of emergence on inborn and acquired.

Hypotrophy symptoms:

Symptoms and current. Depend on expressiveness of a hypotrophy. In this regard distinguish a hypotrophy of I, II and III degrees.

I degree: thickness of hypodermic cellulose decreases on all body parts, except the person. First of all becomes thinner on a stomach. Deficit of weight makes 11 - 20%. The increase in weight is slowed down, growth and psychological development correspond to age. The health is usually satisfactory, disorder of appetite, a dream is sometimes noted. Skin is pale, the tone of muscles and elasticity of fabrics is a little lower norms, a chair and an urination usual.

II degree: hypodermic cellulose on a breast and a stomach almost disappears, on a face considerably becomes thinner. The child lags behind in growth and psychological development. Weakness, irritability increases, appetite considerably worsens, mobility falls. Skin pale with a grayish shade, the tone of muscles and elasticity of fabrics are sharply lowered. Quite often there are symptoms of a vitamin deficiency, rickets, children easily overheat or overcool. The liver increases, the chair is unstable (locks are replaced by ponosa), its character (color, a smell, a consistence) depending on the hypotrophy reason changes.

III degree: it is observed generally at children of the first 6 months of life and it is characteristic sharp exhaustion. Hypodermic cellulose disappears on all body parts, very thin layer on cheeks sometimes remains. Deficit of weight exceeds 30%. Body weight does not increase, sometimes progressively decreases. Growth and psychological development are suppressed, slackness increases, reactions to various irritants (light, a sound, pain) are slowed down. Wrinkled face, "senile". Eyeballs and big fontanel sink down. Skin of pale gray color, a dry, skin fold does not finish. Mucous membranes dry, bright red color; elasticity of fabrics is almost lost. Breath is weakened, sometimes there are its disturbances. A rhythm of cordial reductions урежен, arterial pressure is reduced; the stomach is involved or blown up, locks, change of character of a chair are noted. The urination is rare, urine is not enough. Body temperature is lower normal, easily there occurs overcooling. Often the infection which proceeds without the expressed symptoms joins. In the absence of treatment the child can die.

Hypotrophy reasons:

Inborn hypotrophies can be caused by the pathological course of pregnancy which is followed by disturbance of blood circulation in a placenta, pre-natal infection of a fruit; diseases of the most pregnant, its improper feeding, smoking and alcohol intake, age (is younger 18 or 30 years are more senior), influence of production vrednost.

The acquired hypotrophy can be caused by underfeeding, difficulty of the suction connected with irregular shape of nipples or at a hard mammary gland; insufficient amount of milk mix at artificial feeding, qualitatively defective food; frequent diseases of the child, prematurity, a birth trauma, malformations, disturbance of intestinal absorption at many diseases of a metabolism, pathology of endocrine system (a diabetes mellitus, etc.).

Treatment of the Hypotrophy:

It is carried out taking into account the reason which caused a hypotrophy, and also its degrees. At 1 degree - out-patient, at 2 and 3 degrees - in a hospital. The basic principles - elimination of the reason of a hypotrophy, healthy nutrition and care of the child, treatment of the diseases of disbolism, infectious complications arising at the same time.

At insufficient amount of milk at mother of the child finish feeding donor or mixes. At smaller, than normal, the content in maternal milk of components they are appointed in addition (at deficit of proteins - kefir, cottage cheese, proteinaceous milk, at deficit of carbohydrates - add sugar syrup to drinking water, at deficit of fats give 10-20% cream). In hard cases nutrients enter intravenously kapelno. In case of the hypotrophy caused by disbolism carry out special clinical nutrition.

Irrespective of a cause of illness, to all children appoint vitamins, enzymes (абомин, pepsin, festal, панзинорм, Pancreatinum, etc.), excitants (an apilak, Dibazolum, in hard cases - hormonal therapy), massage, physiotherapy exercises, ultra-violet radiation. The correct care of the child is of great importance (regular walks in the fresh air, the prevention of developments of stagnation in lungs - is more often to take the child on hands, to overturn; when cooling to put a hot-water bottle to legs; careful care of an oral cavity).

The forecast at a hypotrophy of 1 degree favorable, at the 3rd degree - smertnostsostavlyat 30-50%.