Ampicillin

General characteristics. Structure:

Tablets of white color, ploskotsilindrichesky form with a facet and risky.

Active ingredient:  ampicillin (in the form of trihydrate) 250 mg

Excipients: potato starch, magnesium stearate, talc, polyvinylpirrolidone, twin-80.

Pharmacological properties:

Antibiotic of group of semi-synthetic penicillin of a broad spectrum of activity. Has bactericidal effect due to suppression of synthesis of a cell wall of bacteria.

It is active concerning gram-positive aerobic bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (except for the strains producing a penicillinase), Streptococcus spp. (including Enterococcus spp.), Listeria monocytogenes; gram-negative aerobic bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Bordetella pertussis, some strains of Haemophilus influenzae.

Collapses under the influence of a penicillinase. Кислотоустойчив.

Pharmacokinetics. Absorption

After intake it is well soaked up from a GIT, without collapsing in acid medium of a stomach. After parenteral administration (in oil and in/in) it is found in a blood plasma in high concentration.

Distribution

Well gets into fabrics and biological liquids of an organism, it is found in therapeutic concentration in pleural, peritoneal and synovial liquids. Gets through a placental barrier. Badly gets through a blood-brain barrier, however at an inflammation of covers of a brain permeability of GEB sharply increases.

Metabolism

30% of ampicillin are metabolized in a liver.

Removal

T1/2 is 1-1.5 h. It is removed preferential with urine, and in urine very high concentration of not changed drug are created. It is partially removed with bile.

At repeated introductions does not kumulirut.

Indications to use:

The infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms, sensitive to ampicillin, including:

— respiratory infections (including bronchitis, pneumonia, lung abscess);

— infections of ENT organs (including tonsillitis);

— infections of biliary tract (including cholecystitis, cholangitis);

— infections of urinary tract (including pyelitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis);

— GIT infections (including salmonellonositelstvo);

— gynecologic infections;

— infections of skin and soft tissues;

— peritonitis;

— sepsis, septic endocarditis;

— meningitis;

— rheumatism;

— ugly face;

— scarlet fever;

— gonorrhea.

Route of administration and doses:

Establish individually depending on weight of a current, localization of an infection and sensitivity of the activator.

At intake the single dose for adults makes 250-500 mg, a daily dose - 1-3 g. The maximum daily dose makes - 4 g.

To children drug appoint in a daily dose 50-100 mg/kg, to children with body weight to 20 kg - 12.5-25 mg/kg.

The daily dose is divided into 4 receptions. Duration of treatment depends on weight of an infection and efficiency of treatment.

Pill is taken inside irrespective of meal.

For preparation of suspension with powder add 62 ml of the distilled water to a bottle. Dose ready suspension the special spoon having 2 tags: lower corresponds to 2.5 ml (125 mg), upper - 5 ml (250 mg). Suspension should be washed down with water.

At parenteral administration (in oil, in/in struyno or in/in kapelno) the single dose for adults makes 250-500 mg, a daily dose - 1-3 g; at heavy infections the daily dose can be increased to 10 g and more.

To newborn children drug appoint in a daily dose 100 mg/kg, to children of other age groups - 50 mg/kg. At the heavy course of an infection the specified doses can be doubled.

The daily dose is divided into 4-6 introductions with an interval of 4-6 h. Duration in oil of introduction - 7-14 days. Duration in/in uses of 5-7 days, with the subsequent transition (if necessary) to introduction in oil.

Solution for introduction in oil is prepared, adding to bottle contents 2 ml of water for injections.

For in/in jet introductions dissolve a single dose of drug (no more than 2 g) in 5-10 ml of water for injections or isotonic solution of sodium of chloride and enter slowly within 3-5 min. (1-2 g within 10-15 min.). At the single dose exceeding 2 g, the drug is administered in/in kapelno. For this purpose the single dose of drug (2-4 g) is dissolved in 7.5-15 ml of water for injections, then the received solution is added to 125-250 ml of isotonic solution of sodium chloride or 5-10% of solution of glucose and entered with a speed of 60-80 кап. / min. At in drop introduction to children as solvent use 5-10% glucose solution (30-50 ml depending on age).

Solutions use right after preparation.

Features of use:

With care and against the background of simultaneous use of the desensibilizing means it is necessary to appoint drug at bronchial asthma, hay fever and other allergic diseases.

In the course of use systematic control of function of kidneys, a liver and a picture of peripheral blood is necessary.

At a liver failure drug should be used only under control of function of a liver.

Patients with renal failures need correction of the mode of dosing depending on KK.

At use of drug in high doses at patients with a renal failure perhaps toxic action on TsNS.

At use of drug for treatment of sepsis reaction of a bacteriolysis (Yarisha-Gerksgeymer's reaction) is possible.

At emergence of allergic reactions against the background of use drug it is necessary to cancel and appoint the desensibilizing therapy.

At the weakened patients at prolonged use of drug the superinfection caused by microorganisms, steady against ampicillin, can develop.

For prevention of development of candidiasis at the same time it is necessary to appoint nystatin or levorinum, and also vitamins of group B and C.

Side effects:

Allergic reactions: skin rash, small tortoiseshell, Quincke's edema, itch, exfoliative dermatitis, multiformny erythema; in rare instances - an acute anaphylaxis.

From the alimentary system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, stomatitis, pseudomembranous colitis, intestinal dysbacteriosis, increase in activity of hepatic transaminases.

From system of a hemopoiesis: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis.

The effects caused by chemotherapeutic action: oral cavity candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis.

Interaction with other medicines:

Probenetsid at simultaneous use with Ampicillin reduces canalicular secretion of ampicillin therefore its concentration in a blood plasma increases and the risk of toxic action increases.

At simultaneous use of Ampicillin with Allopyrinolum the probability of emergence of skin rash increases.

At simultaneous use with Ampicillin efficiency of estrogenosoderzhashchy oral contraceptives decreases.

At simultaneous use with Ampicillin efficiency of anticoagulants and antibiotics aminoglycosides increases.

Contraindications:

— hypersensitivity to antibiotics from group of penicillin and to other betalaktamny antibiotics;

— the expressed abnormal liver functions (for parenteral use).

 

Use of drug at pregnancy and feeding by a breast
Use of drug at pregnancy according to indications is possible when the advantage for mother exceeds potential risk for a fruit.

Ampicillin is emitted with breast milk in low concentration. In need of use of drug in the period of a lactation it is necessary to resolve an issue of the breastfeeding termination.

 

Use at abnormal liver functions
Parenteral use is contraindicated at the expressed abnormal liver functions.

 

Use at renal failures
Patients with renal failures need correction of the mode of dosing depending on KK.

At use of drug in high doses at patients with a renal failure perhaps toxic action on TsNS.

 

Use for children
At intake to children drug appoint in a daily dose 50-100 mg/kg, to children with body weight to 20 kg - 12.5-25 mg/kg. To parenterally newborn children drug appoint in a daily dose 100 mg/kg, to children of other age groups - 50 mg/kg. At the heavy course of an infection the specified doses can be doubled

Overdose:

Now about cases of overdose of drug it was not reported.

Storage conditions:

List B. Drug should be stored in the dry, protected from light place. A period of validity of tablets, powder for preparation of suspension and powder for preparation of solution for injections - 2 years.

Issue conditions:

According to the recipe

Packaging:

10 - planimetric strip packagings (1) - packs cardboard.
10 - packagings bezjyacheykovy planimetric (1) - packs cardboard.