Hypovitaminosis And

Description:

Daily requirement (the dose is measured in ME: Mkg I ME=0,3): For adults - 1,5 mg (5 000 ME), for pregnant women - 2 mg (6 600 ME), for the feeding women - 2,5 mg (8 250 ME) For children till 1 year - 0,5mg (1 650ME), 1-6let-1 mg (3 300ME), are more senior than Ulet-1,5mg (5 000 ME).
At insufficient intake of vitamin A a hypovitaminosis develops in an organism And.

Symptoms of the Hypovitaminosis And:

At a stage of a pregipovitaminoz - nonspecific changes.

Stages hypo - and avitaminosis. Gemeralopiya (night, or chicken, a blindness owing to dystrophic changes of the sticks of a retina responsible for twilight sight). A xerophthalmia (dryness of a conjunctiva, education on it whitish opaque plaques) and a keratomalacia (a cornea softening with the subsequent formation of ulcerations). Bito's spots (superficial foamy spots on a boulevard conjunctiva). A hyperkeratosis (dystrophic changes of skin, mucous membranes) - dryness, a peeling and pallor of skin, an atrophy of sweat and sebaceous glands. Damage of airways - emergence of the centers of a multilayer epithelium is especially characteristic that considerably breaks mukotsi-liarny clearance, bronchial passability and reduces local resistance. The general decrease in resistance - bent to pustulous diseases of skin, infectious defeats of respiratory system, a mocheotdeleniye, a GIT often find lag in growth In children, loss of appetite and anemia.

Reasons of the Hypovitaminosis And:

Primary hypovitaminosis And arises at a lack of food.
Secondary:
- Disturbance of absorption in intestines is more often as a result of insufficient intake of bile (vitamin A zhirorastvory): cirrhosis, obstruction of biliary tract, intestines Disease lambliasis: a Gee's disease, a spra, switching off of a duodenum from process of digestion as a result of operative measures.

- Pancreas diseases: mucoviscidosis, operative measures.

Treatment of the Hypovitaminosis And:

Diet. Inclusion of the products rich with vitamin A (fish oil, liver of marine animals and fishes, butter, cream, cheese, egg yolk), V-carotene (carrots, sweet pepper, green onions, sorrel, spinach, parsley, salad, apricots, hips, sea-buckthorn, blackcurrant).

Drugs of vitamin A (Retinolum) in a daily dose from 10 000 to 100 000 ME/days (for adults) during 2-4 weeks under observation of the doctor (danger of development of a hypervitaminosis And). At not expressed hypovitaminosis purpose of fish oil is possible, at considerable insufficiency purpose of drugs of vitamin A in / is necessary and.

At a hemeralopia, a xerophthalmia and a pigmental retinitis co-administration of Riboflavinum to 20 mg/days is necessary.

Vitamin A needs to be applied with care at patients with acute and chronic nephrite, at a cordial decompensation, at pregnancy. Purpose of vitamin A in the first 3 months of pregnancy is not recommended.

At simultaneous use of tetracycline and big (50 000 ME above) vitamin A doses perhaps substantial increase of VChD.

Holestiramin, колестипол, Neomycinum (inside) reduce vitamin A absorption.