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Atrioventricular block

Atrioventricular block is called disturbance of carrying out an electric impulse through Механизм образования атриовентрикулярной блокады the atrioventricular node located between ventricles of heart and its auricles.

Clinical symptoms of an atrioventricular block

The atrioventricular block, depending on features of disturbance of carrying out an electric impulse is subdivided into several degrees:

At an atrioventricular block of 1 degree the impulse is carried out with delay;
Atrioventrikulyarnayablokada 2 degrees is called by periodic carrying out an impulse;
Total absence of carrying out an electric impulse leads 3 degrees to development of an atrioventricular block.

At an atrioventricular block of 1 degree the impulse passes from auricles to ventricles with a delay on milliseconds. This delay clinically proves nothing and can be revealed only when carrying out an electrocardiography of heart. The atrioventricular block of this degree is quite often observed at absolutely healthy people – teenagers, athletes, and also at people with high excitability of a vagus nerve. But also it can be observed at the people having rheumatism, a sarcoidosis. The atrioventricular block of 1 degree sometimes is caused by some medicines.

At an atrioventricular block 2 degrees not all impulses going from auricles reach ventricles. As a result of it ventricles begin to be reduced in the wrong rhythm and less than auricles. The atrioventricular block can quickly progress and pass 2 degrees in the absence of timely treatment into the atrioventricular block 3 degrees which is one of the most dangerous types of cardiac arrhythmia.

At an atrioventricular block 3 degrees the rhythm of ventricles is set by directly ventricles since the electric impulse from auricles to them does not pass through an atrioventricular node. As a result of it ventricles are reduced less than 40 times one minute, and pumping function of heart is sharply broken.

At this pathology at patients are observed bradycardia (reduction of number of cordial reductions), severe dizzinesses and faints, arterial pressure is usually reduced, even at a small exercise stress there is expressed asthma.

Reasons of development of an atrioventricular block:

Heart diseases (coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, postinfarction cardiosclerosis, heart diseases, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, etc.);
Reception of some medical supplies (intravenous administration of solution of a papaverine, cardiac glycosides, antiarrhytmic drugs, beta-blockers);
Intensive sports activities.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a disease is based on its clinical symptoms. For confirmation of the diagnosis carry out an electrocardiography of heart (ECG).

Treatment of an atrioventricular block

Therapy Приступ атриовентрикулярной блокады of this type of arrhythmia of heart is carried out depending on disease degree.

The atrioventricular block of 1 degree, even when its development is caused by any heart disease, does not demand performing any treatment.

The atrioventricular block 2 degrees in most cases also does not demand performing any therapy. And only the small percent of patients needs installation of a pacemaker.

Treatment of an atrioventricular block 3 degrees consists in implantation of a pacemaker. At critical situations use a temporary pacemaker, and after stabilization of a cordial rhythm and improvement of the general condition of the patient perform surgery on installation of constant. In certain cases, after recovery of the otzabolevaniye which caused development of an atrioventricular block, the cordial rhythm is completely recovered. But the majority bolnykhnuzhdatsya in lifelong use of a pacemaker.

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