Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide (silica, Silicon dioxide, silicon dioxide) - the substance consisting of the colourless crystals having
the high durability, hardness and refractoriness. Silicon dioxide is steady against influence of acids and does not interact with water. At reaction temperature increase substance interacts with alkalis, is dissolved in fluoric acid, is fine dielectric.
Silicon dioxide is spread in the nature quite widely: crystal silicon oxide is presented by such minerals as a jasper, agate (fine-crystalline compounds of silicon dioxide), rock crystal (large crystals of substance), quartz (free silicon dioxide), chalcedony, amethyst, a morion, topaz (the painted silicon dioxide crystals).
In usual conditions (at the natural ambient temperature and pressure) there are three crystal modifications of silicon dioxide - tridymite, quartz and cristobalite. At temperature increase silicon dioxide at first turns into coesite, and then - into stishovite (the mineral found in 1962 in a meteoric crater). According to researches, stishovite - derivative substance of silicon dioxide - covers a considerable part of an Earth's mantle.
Chemical formula of substance - SiO2
Receiving silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide turns out in the industrial way at the quartz plants making a pure quartz concentrate which then is used in chemical and electronic industry, in production of optics, fillers for rubber and paint and varnish products, production of a jewelry, etc. The natural silicon dioxide differently called by silicon dioxide is widely applied in construction (concrete, sand, zvuko-and heat-insulating materials).
Receiving silicon dioxide is carried out in the synthetic way by means of impact of acids on sodium silicate, in certain cases - on other soluble silicates or method of coagulation of colloid silicon dioxide under the influence of ions. Besides, silicon dioxide is received by silicon oxidation by oxygen at a temperature about 500 degrees Celsius.
Silicon dioxide use
Siliceous materials found broad application both in the field of high technologies, and in everyday life. Silicon dioxide is used in production of glass, ceramics, products from concrete, abrasive materials, and also in radio engineering, ultrasonic installations, lighters, etc. In combination with a number of ingredients silicon dioxide is applied in production of fiber-optical cables.
Nonporous amorphous silicon dioxide is used also in the food industry as the additive registered at number E551, interfering balling up and caking of a key product. 
Silicon dioxide food is used in pharmaceutical industry as medicinal drug enterosorbent, in production of toothpastes. Substance meets as a part of chips, croutons, corn sticks, instant coffee, etc.
Harm of silicon dioxide
It is confirmed officially that substance of silicon dioxide passes through digestive tract invariable then it is completely brought out of an organism. According to 15-year researches of the French specialists the use of drinking water with the high content of food silicon dioxide reduces risks of a course of a disease of Alzheimer by 10%.
Thus, information on harm of the silicon dioxide which is chemically inert substance is false: the E551 nutritional supplement used inside in the peroral way is completely safe for health.
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