Gastritis

Gastritis is called the inflammation of a mucous membrane of a stomach. It is one of the most frequent diseases of digestive tract recently gaining the increasing and bigger distribution.

Considering that the stomach is a key link in splitting of the food coming to an organism it is clear why the disease of gastritis is reflected not only in all digestive tract, but also on one and all systems of an organism, considerably reducing quality of life of the patient.

Gastritis reason

Long time was considered that errors in food and constant psychoemotional tension are the main reason for gastritis. However the Australian scientists Robin Warren and Barry Marshall during the conducted researches including on themselves, convincingly proved that the leading role in developing of gastritis belongs to Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori is the bacterium which managed to adapt to high acidity, and living in a mucous membrane of a stomach of the person, adjoining there indifferently to glands emitting caustic hydrochloric acid. Infection occurs from the person to the person, presumably oral and oral way: through the general ware, toothbrushes, kisses, etc. Before discovery of Warren and Marshall it was considered as impossible, it was supposed that hydrochloric acid of a stomach destroys all microorganisms. In 2005 scientists got the Nobel Prize for the opening as it allowed to develop effective treatment of gastritis and stomach ulcer.

Nevertheless, rough errors in food and exposure to stresses are those necessary conditions which allow Helicobacter pylori to breed and lead to gastritis. Otherwise everything comes down only to a carriage at which the bacterium contains in a stomach in small amounts, and does not lead to a disease. The matter is that Helicobacter pylori is one of the most widespread bacteria in the world, it infected about two thirds of all population of Earth, and prevalence of gastritis though is high, but nevertheless is much lower.

Types of gastritis

On character of a current distinguish acute gastritis and chronic gastritis.

By the form inflammations gastritis is divided into the following forms:

• Erosive (hemorrhagic) gastritis at which the bleeding erosion on a mucous membrane of a stomach are formed;
• Superficial gastritis at which only the upper layer of a mucous membrane is involved in process;
• Atrophic gastritis;
• Hypertrophic gastritis;
• Gastritis with hypersecretion of a gastric juice;
• Gastritis with hyposecretion of a gastric juice.

Different symptoms of gastritis are inherent in different forms.

Gastritis symptoms

Acute gastritis has the sudden beginning. Usually the attack of gastritis begins in 20-30 minutes after acceptance of food, and practically always food, heavy for a stomach: fat, fried, smoked dish, alcohol intake, use of products of a fast food or just overeating.

The attack of acute gastritis is followed by intensive dull ache in epigastriums (the upper part of a stomach which is directly under a breast), nausea, abdominal distention, heartburn, an eructation and other dispeptic phenomena. In the absence of treatment gastritis symptoms in an acute form gradually abate in itself, however it should not mislead as in this case almost always acute gastritis passes into a chronic form.

Chronic gastritis proceeds wavy, with the periods of remissions and aggravations. During remissions symptoms of gastritis either are absent in general, or are poorly expressed. In the period of an aggravation chronic gastritis proceeds the same as acute unless to the patient gastritis symptoms it is not a new experience any more. Gastritis symptoms in a chronic form can be less intensive, than gastritis symptoms in an acute form though an attack to an attack discord.

Gastritis symptoms with hypersecretion of a gastric juice differ in the fact that so-called hungry pains are characteristic of them: pain arises in 2-3 hours after the last meal, and cease after the patient eats or will accept antiacid drug. Gastritis symptoms with the lowered acidity, on the contrary, prove "full" pains: pain arises in 20-30 minutes after food, and even right after acceptance of food.

In the absence of treatment the disease gradually progresses, and some types of chronic gastritis can regenerate in a carcinoma of the stomach (atrophic gastritis), and some to give rise to stomach ulcer (erosive gastritis).

Treatment of gastritis

Effective treatment of gastritis taking into account its etiology Robin Warren and Barry Marshall offered the same, on himself having proved its effectiveness. A basis of treatment of gastritis – an antibioticotherapia course drugs to which Helicobacter pylori is sensitive (Barry Marshall applied to himself Metronidazole) and the drug containing bismuth salts. The antibiotic destroys Helicobacter pylori, and salts of bismuth promote healing of the formed defects of a mucous membrane of a stomach.

The drugs reducing secretion of a gastric juice, anesthetics and spasmolysants can be in addition appointed. However it is necessary to consider that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which to themselves patients so like to appoint categorically are not suitable for treatment of gastritis, trying to obtain anesthesia. These drugs (especially Aspirin, Indometacin, Ketoprofen) in itself are a factor of the increased risk of formation of gastritis as irritate a mucous membrane of a stomach.

During remission of chronic gastritis treatment of gastritis using mineral waters is effective for what usually to the patient appoint sanatorium treatment.

Diet at gastritis

Treatment of gastritis – is inefficient without observance of a diet. The diet at gastritis, especially at gastritis chronic, has to become a way of life, at least for the period, it will not be possible to reach the permanent remission which is not interrupted within one-two years yet.

The diet at gastritis serves as important addition of treatment of gastritis, and has to include the following rules:

• Observance of an accurate diet: four-five one-time food in the small portions, through identical periods, at the same time day;
• Rigid restriction of a number of products: greasy, fried, spicy, salty, spicy food, smoked products, the food cooked in the industrial way (except for baby food), fast food, alcohol, carbonated drinks, the concentrated fruit juice, chocolate, canned food, strong coffee, tea;
• Products are used in thermally processed, but sparing ways: cooking, suppression, roasting, preparation on couple;
• During remission the diet at gastritis allows the use of a quantity of fresh vegetables and fruit, excepting vegetables with burning taste. It is desirable that fresh vegetables and fruit were or are crushed in the blender, either are grated, or were carefully chewed;
• During an exacerbation of chronic gastritis or an attack of acute gastritis food has to be eaten homogenized, that is homogeneous, in the form of puree or rather thin gruel.