Presbyopy
General characteristic of a disease
Presbyopy or age far-sightedness – the natural, though not palatable physiological phenomenon. With age the crystalline lens of a human eye gradually loses the abilities to accommodation, i.e. ability to adapt the optical power of eyes to the changed point of the focused sight.
Early symptoms of a presbyopy of eyes are on average observed at the person in 40-45 years. During this period he begins to experience the first difficulties in work with small objects or when reading. Some time can be compensated a presbyopy by means of placement of a subject at arm's length of the person.
However when this method begins not to work, it is necessary to think of correction of a presbyopy by methods available to modern medicine.
First of all patients with various forms of far-sightedness suffer from a presbyopy of eyes. Afar they begin to have problems with visual acuity before other people, approximately at 35-year age.
Presbyopy symptoms
Carry an illegibility, blurring of sight to symptoms of a presbyopy close. It does uncomfortable many occupations, usual for the person: reading, work at the computer, different types of needlework. The presbyopy forces the person to strain constantly sight and leads to system overfatigue of eyes, a headache and the general feeling sick – the so-called asthenopia caused by visual discomfort.
Diagnosis of a presbyopy
The presbyopy is diagnosed during check of visual acuity by means of the special equipment – a foropter. It presents itself(himself) the ophthalmologic device in the helmet form with various optical lenses and a projector. Foropter measures refraction abilities of an eye of the person. In diagnosis of a presbyopy of eyes the method of computer autorefractometry has similar opportunities.
Treatment of a presbyopy
The most available way of correction of a presbyopy – bifocals. They have two types of focus and can be used for sight both afar, and at a short distance. This feature is provided by the different focal force of the upper and lower part of glasses of bifocals.
Analog of an optical method of treatment of a presbyopy of eyes are multifocal contact lenses. They guarantee visual acuity at a close, average and remote arrangement of a subject. In case of need at a presbyopy along with lenses points can be used.
Surgical treatment of a presbyopy of eyes
In surgical correction of a presbyopy of eyes there are also several possible ways.
The leading place in surgical treatment of a presbyopy is taken by a laser thermokeratoplasty. Other name of a technique – LTK. Correction of a presbyopy at LTK happens to the help of radio waves. They change a form of a cornea of a human eye and improve visual acuity at weak degree of a presbyopy. However adaptation opportunities of a crystalline lens continue to decrease, and over time use of LTK as a method of correction of a presbyopy becomes ineffective.
More perfect technology of surgical treatment of a presbyopy is called LASIK. During it an eye with the best visual acuity is appointed by the leader, and the form of his cornea changes by means of an eksimerlazer for sight afar. The cornea of the second eye is deformed for sight close. And at sight at the same time both eyes at the person with a presbyopy create a situation of optimum clearness of sight.
The most radical method of surgical correction of a presbyopy of eyes – replacement of a crystalline lens. In the combined course of age far-sightedness with a cataract this technique is the best option of treatment of a presbyopy. Instead of a remote crystalline lens the multifocal lens is implanted to the patient. It is capable to compensate any disturbances of a refraction of sight of the person, and a presbyopy of eyes including.
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