Amikacin

Amikacin – antibacterial agent from group of aminoglycosides.

Form of release and structure

Amikacin is produced in the form of powder and ready solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration.

As active ingredient as a part of drug amikacin in the form of sulfate acts (1 ml – 250 mg). Auxiliary components are:

• Sodium disulphite;
• Sodium citrate for injections;
• Water for injections;
• Sulphuric acid divorced.

Solution of drug is produced in glass ampoules on 4 ml. The blister strip packaging contains 5 or 10 ampoules of means. In one cardboard pack 1 or 2 packagings.

Amikacin powder for preparation of solution is produced in bottles on 10 ml. One cardboard pack contains 1, 5 or 10 bottles.

Indications to use

According to the instruction, Amikacin is applied at:

• Bronchitis;
• Endocarditis;
• Abscess of lungs;
• Pneumonia;
• To pleura empyema;
• Sepsis;
• The infections affecting nervous central system;
• Endocarditis septic;
• Pyelonephritis;
• Urethritis;
• Cystitis;
• To gonorrhea;
• Prostatitis;
• Peritonitis and other infections of an abdominal cavity;
• Purulent infections of soft tissues and skin;
• Infections of bilious ways, joints and bones;
• Otitis;
• Postoperative infections.

Contraindications

According to the instruction, Amikacin is contraindicated at:

• Neuritis of an acoustical nerve;
• Hypersensitivity to means (including to other aminoglycosides);
• Heavy renal chronic failure;
• Pregnancies.

With care it is necessary to use an antibiotic at parkinsonism, a myasthenia, dehydration, during a lactation and at advanced age.

Besides, under strict medical control give Amikacin to newborn and premature children.

Route of administration and dosage

Intramusculary or intravenously Amikacin is entered by each 8 hours at the rate of 5 mg/kg or each 12 hours on 7,5 mg/kg.

At the uncomplicated bacterial infections which affected uric ways Amikacin use on 250 mg is shown each 12 hours.

To newborn premature children the drug begins to be administered in a dosage 10 mg/kg then pass 7,5 mg/kg which is entered by each 18-24 hours to a dose.

To healthy newborn children means enter 10 mg/kg then pass to 7,5 mg/kg each 12 hours for 7-10 days in an initial dose.

The most admissible daily dosage for adults – 15 mg/kg/days.

At intramuscular introduction therapy lasts 7-10 days, at intravenous – 3-7 days.

Side effects

Amikacin in certain cases can cause the following side effects:

• Nausea;
• Vomiting;
• Disturbances of work of a liver and kidneys;
• Leukopenia;
• Thrombocytopenia;
• Anemia;
• Granulocytopenia;
• Headache;
• Numbness;
• Pricking;
• Muscular twitchings;
• Epileptic seizures;
• Apnoea;
• Deterioration in hearing (including irreversible deafness);
• Labyrinth and vestibular disturbances;
• Lack of coordination of movements;
• Fever;
• Hyperemia;
• Itch of skin and rash.

At use of Amikacin in the raised doses disturbance of an urination and breath, deterioration in hearing and appetite, an ataxy, dizziness, thirst, vomiting, a ring in ears is possible.

At poisoning with drug carry out peritoneal dialysis and a hemodialysis, artificial ventilation of the lungs, enter salts of calcium and antikholinesterazny drugs.

Special instructions

At intravenous use of Amikacin concentration of its active ingredient in solution should not exceed 5 mg/ml.

At treatment drug recommends at least 1 time in 7 days to control function of an acoustical nerve, kidneys and a vestibular mechanism.

At joint reception of Amikacin with benzylpenicillin effect of both drugs amplifies. Their combination at treatment of the infection caused by strains of a fecal enterokokk is especially effective.

Drug cannot be combined with heparin, penicillin, Amphotericinum In, kapreomitsiny, erythromycin, vitamins B and With, calcium chloride, a hydrochlorothiazide, cephalosporins.

Cisplatinum, Acidum nalidixicum, polymyxin B, Vancomycinum strengthen nefro-and ototoxicity of Amikacin.

In turn the antibiotic reduces efficiency of drugs against a myasthenia.

Analogs

Amikacin analogs in the form of powder are drugs: Amikatsin-Vial, Amikatsin-Fereyn and Amikabol.

Act as means analogs in the form of solution: Selemitsin and Hematsin.

Terms and storage conditions

Amikacin needs to be stored in the dry, unavailable to children, protected from hit of direct sunshine place, at a temperature of 5-25 °C.

The period of validity makes 2 years.