Endoscopy

Endoscopy – diagnosis of internals by means of special devices – endoscopes.

Endoscopy method

The technique of an endoscopic research is that through openings the soft tube on which end the lighting fixture and the microcamera are attached is entered into a body of the person. This tube is called the endoscope. Its diameter does not exceed 4 mm.

Different endoscopes are intended for the different fields of medicine. For endoscopy of a stomach, upper parts of a digestive tract, a 12-perstny gut, gastroduodenoskopa serve, for survey of a small bowel use enteroskopa, apply colonoscopes to endoscopy of intestines, use bronchoscopes to respiratory tracts.

At one manipulations the endoscope is entered through a mouth (endoscopy of a stomach), at others through a rectum (endoscopy of intestines), through a throat, an urethra and a nose (endoscopy of a nasopharynx). For carrying out, for example, a laparoscopy, in an abdominal cavity it is necessary to make special openings.

Types

There is a set of types of an endoscopic research. By means of this procedure it is possible to study a condition of such vitals as an abdominal cavity, a vagina, a small and 12-perstny bowel, ureters, bilious channels, a gullet, acoustic organs, bronchial tubes, a cavity of the uterus, and also to make endoscopy of a stomach, endoscopy of intestines, endoscopy of a nasopharynx.

The endoscope can be passed through vessels and to check their state, and also to see heart and heart cameras. In our century the endoscope can make the way even in a brain and give to the doctor the chance to see brain ventricles.

All types of endoscopic researches are directed to revealing the minimum changes of a mucous membrane which can lead further to oncology. Also the procedure allows to reveal oncology at an early stage and to remove a tumor that considerably increases chances of cancer patients of survival.

Cancer at early stages in general cannot be revealed by means of other research so there is no alternative of endoscopy today.

In addition to diagnosis, this procedure found broad application in surgery, urology, gynecology and other areas. With its help doctors stop bleedings, delete tumors at early stages. The procedure allows not only to carry out diagnosis of internals, but also to take a new growth fabric sample on the analysis.

Technique endoscopy of a forehead and eyebrows will also widely be applied in plastic surgery, for example. Endoscopy of a forehead allows to raise eyebrows, to remove or reduce quantity of mimic wrinkles on a forehead and between eyebrows. Endoscopy of a forehead enjoys wide popularity thanks to what practically does not leave hems.

As the procedure of endoscopy is carried out

At endoscopy of a stomach the device is entered through a mouth and on the monitor examine a mucous membrane. At the same time via the endoscope air supply is carried out – it is necessary for more detailed survey. The procedure lasts about 15-20 minutes.

That the research was more exact, it is necessary to be prepared for it correctly. In 8-12 hours prior to the procedure it is desirable to eat nothing and not to drink.

Gastroscopy – the painful research causing an emetic reflex in the patient.

Transnasal endoscopy is transferred by patients much easier as the emetic reflex at it is absent.

Endoscopy of a stomach is done for specification of the diagnosis and identification of changes.

Performing endoscopy of intestines – more painful and long occupation. Pains can be caused by features of a gut, commissures. The procedure takes 30 minutes till 1 o'clock. Often when carrying out a kolonoskopiya use an anesthesia.

When carrying out a kolonoskopiya preparation is also important. Here it is recommended three days prior to the procedure to pass to a bezshlakovy diet.

Indications to a kolonoskopiya are disturbances of a chair, mucifying and blood, painful feelings, bleeding from a large intestine.

Bronkhoskopiya is led by introduction of the thin endoscope through a nose, a throat and phonatory bands directly to a trachea. It allows to examine a bronchial tree from within. The research is shown at pneumonia, bronchitis, suspicions of a tumor.

At endoscopy of a nasopharynx the endoscope which allows to see a picture in a nose and possible polyps is entered into a nose. Endoscopy of a nasopharynx is shown at the complicated breath, nasal bleedings, disturbance of sense of smell, at polyps and not clear headaches.

Endoscopy of a nasopharynx allows to reveal pathological changes in mucous a nose without intervention of surgical methods.

Video capsular endoscopy

This look is the new direction in medicine. The method is that the patient swallows of the plastic capsule which in size is no more than the ordinary capsule with medicine. The capsule passes on all digestive organs, at the same time all image is fixed on the special device, and it, in turn, transfers all data to the screen.

Video capsular endoscopy was patented in America at the beginning of this century and in high gear gains steam. The capsule weighs 4 гр., and length makes it 2,5 cm. One end at the capsule transparent, behind it the lens, the microcamera and LEDs is hidden. In other part of the capsule there are a transmitter, the battery and the antenna.

Video capsular endoscopy is very convenient as it allows without separation from major activities of the patient to carry out full endoscopy of a stomach, endoscopy of intestines and digestive tract. Besides, the similar research allows to see even those sections of intestines which are not available when carrying out an ordinary endoscopic research.

However video capsular endoscopy has one essential minus. Unfortunately, by means of this technique it is possible to conduct only a research of digestive organs.