Phthisiatrician

The phthisiatrician - the doctor whose specialization is prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis - an infectious disease which causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis stick.

That the phthisiatrician treats

Tuberculosis is potentially fatal disease transmitted in the airborne way. However, this disease can destroy the main body which strikes tuberculosis - lungs and other systems of a human body: kidneys, bones, a liver, a prostate gland at men, uterine tubes and ovaries at women, an abdominal cavity, etc. Phthisiatricians call such state extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Mycobacteria of a disease can be allocated with a phlegm (at defeat of a respiratory organs), with a stake (at defeat of bodies of digestive tract), with sperm or urine (at defeat of bodies of urinogenital system), with menstrual allocations (at defeat of female generative organs), with breast milk (at tuberculosis of chest glands), etc. It is possible to catch tuberculosis at inhalation of the air containing particles of saliva of the patient.

Basic diseases that the phthisiatrician treats, are:

• Tuberculosis cutis;
• Tuberculosis of eyes;
• Intestines tuberculosis;
• Musculoskeletal system tuberculosis;
• Tubercular meningitis;
• Genital tuberculosis;
• Tuberculosis of kidneys and urinary tract;
• Acute glomerulonephritis.

When it is necessary to register in reception to the phthisiatrician

Refer weakness, feeling sick, cough with allocation of a small amount of yellowish or greenish color of a phlegm to the main symptoms of tuberculosis, the increased sweating at night, the asthma which is a consequence of presence of liquid or air at a pleural cavity. In process of progressing of a disease the quantity of a phlegm increases, at it there can be blood traces. At detection at itself or at the close characteristic symptoms it is necessary to go to consultation with the phthisiatrician.

At suspicion of tuberculosis the doctor the phthisiatrician appoints the next researches:

• The Mantoux test (or skin tuberkulinovy test) showing existence of infection;
• Inspection of a phlegm on presence of microbes;
• Microbiological crops of a phlegm, pus, urine, spinal and pleural liquids and other biological material;
• Crops on Levenshteyna-Janszen's circle;
• Hepatic test;
• Research of eyes;
• Auditory acuity check;
• The urine crops intended for detection of renal tuberculosis.

During consultation the phthisiatrician suggests to conduct the radiological examination (fluorography) allowing to carry out differential diagnosis between tuberculosis and other diseases of lungs - a silicosis, abscess, pneumonia, to define the nature of defeat of fabrics (focal, infiltrative, cavernous, disseminated), localization and prevalence of process. In addition to fluorography, the doctor the phthisiatrician can appoint such types of diagnoses as:

• Biopsy;
• Microbiological diagnosis;
• Tuberculinodiagnosis;
• Diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis;
• Research of cerebrospinal liquid;
• MPT;
• Computer tomography.

In large medical institutions the doctor the phthisiatrician can specialize in treatment and diagnosis of certain bodies. For example, ftiziopulmonolog, kidneys - ftiziourolog, throats - ftiziootolaringolog are engaged in a pulmonary tuberculosis. Suffering from tuberculosis children are treated by the children's phthisiatrician - the child phthisiatrician.

Field of activity of the children's phthisiatrician

The children's phthisiatrician deals with problems of identification, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis at children. During consultation the phthisiatrician finds out, than the child throughout the life was ill, estimates conditions of its accommodation, results to Mant, fluorography, performs inspection of peripheral lymph nodes. Most often, at children primary infection comes to light that means hit of mycobacteria of tuberculosis in an organism, but not direct infection with a disease. However, the probability of development of a disease in children with "a bend of tubercular test" exists: little patients with positive skin tuberkulinovy test regularly come to reception to the phthisiatrician and undergo preventive treatment.

Recommendations of the doctor of the phthisiatrician

To save itself and the children from tuberculosis, phthisiatricians recommend to observe a number of preventive measures. Treat them:

• The actions increasing immunity (good and various nutrition, active lifestyle, a work-rest schedule, refusal of alcohol intake and smoking);
• The actions directed to improvement of inhabited and labor conditions (aeration of rooms, support of sanitary and hygienic norms, etc.);
• Preventive reception of himiopreparat for the purpose of the prevention of developing of a disease (it is appointed to the persons which are in continuous contact with patients-bakteriovydelitelyami and also in the presence of unfavorable conditions of life, chronic diseases, etc.);
• Antitubercular vaccination.

Phthisiatricians claim that it is impossible to catch tuberculosis at handshake with the patient - bacteria are transferred only in the airborne way, however, rooms with the filched, immobilized air, use of the general objects of use and tactile contact considerably increase risks of infection.