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Abstinence

Abstinence (Latin abstinentia - abstention) – states which develop owing to the sudden termination of reception or administration of the substances which resulted in toxicomaniac dependence or after use of their antagonists; such states are characterized by various frustration (vegetative and somatic, neurologic and mental); the current and a clinical picture of abstinence are defined by substance type, doses and duration of its use.

 
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In Great Britain there is a law according to which the surgeon can refuse to do to the patient operation if he smokes or has excess weight. The person has to refuse addictions, and then, perhaps, he will not need an operative measure.