Antibodies at pregnancy

One of important indicators at pregnancy is the result of blood test on a Rhesus factor accessory. When the negative Rhesus factor comes to light, laboratory assistants continue a research and reveal existence of antibodies at pregnancy, so their existence testifies to possible complications. The essence of the conflict in the mother fruit system is that the embryo for the pregnant woman represents half an alien body. Reaction of rejection of "transplant" proceeds differently:

• Early toxicosis;
• Gestosis of the second half of pregnancy;
• The conflict on group or a Rhesus factor accessory of blood.

The most dangerous reaction happens at the level of uniform elements of blood – erythrocytes. All bodies of an organism receive food thanks to red blood cells when they collapse, there comes the condition of air hunger which leads to irreversible effects. That is why the analysis on existence of antibodies at pregnancy is so important if future mother has a Rh-negative accessory of blood.

Antibodies in blood at pregnancy

Antibodies are cells of immunity which are responsible for recognition and destruction of alien elements. Bacteria, viruses, toxic substances, and also cells of own organism or fruit can be them.

The Rhesus factor of blood represents an individual marker. It or is present at membranes of erythrocytes, or it is absent. Therefore blood of the studied people can be Rh-positive or Rh-negative. Laboratory cases when at the same woman the Rhesus factor is positive, and occur in the subsequent analyses, do not find it. Unclear is a result of the analysis on antibodies in blood at pregnancy at a positive Rhesus factor. But everything speaks from the genetic point of view.

Mechanism of formation of a Rhesus factor

The Rhesus factor of blood is inherited by two factor pairs. Genes under marking of D and d mean a dominant and recessive mode of inheritance. When at a fruit dominant alleles (DD), blood test on a Rhesus factor positive prevail. If recessive (dd), respectively – negative. Any other combination of genes: dD or Dd, – is shown by positive reaction. If dominant alleles less than 25% – in analyses the Rhesus factor appears, does not come to light ("disappears"). Therefore antibodies at pregnancy can appear even at "negative" (dD) or a "weak" (Dd) Rhesus factor of blood.

The inheritance mechanism also explains why from the parents who do not have a Rhesus factor the Rh-positive child can be born. When "mixing" genes it forms couples bearing a dominant gene. Only and all.

Influence of antibodies at pregnancy on a fruit and the newborn

The Rhesus factor conflict arises only when the child has a Rhesus factor a marker, and in mother's blood it completely is absent. When finding a fruit in a womb there is an active gas exchange between erythrocytes of mother and an embryo. When both erythrocytes are loaded equally – nothing occurs. But "plus" is attracted to "minus" and both cells stick together. That there was no agglutination, in blood of mother there are antibodies at pregnancy which are besieged in red blood cells of a fruit. As a result blood of mother remains unimpaired, but on erythrocytes of the child immune cells which gradually destroy a proteinaceous component of hemoglobin accumulate.

In early duration of gestation it threatens with an abortion. In late – development of hemolitic jaundice with defeat of the hemopoietic bodies and a brain of the child.

Antiserum capacity at pregnancy

Caption call quantity of these or those indicators in analyses. When at the woman pregnancy develops provided that the fruit has a positive Rhesus factor of blood, antibodies of a class "M" are formed. Their molecular weight is so high that cells do not get through a vascular wall of chorion and a placental barrier. But, when pregnancy repeated, in blood of mother there are antibodies (they are formed at once and remain on for the rest of the life), cells of "quick response" – class G immunoglobulins are produced only now. They freely pass through natural filters and can cause both rejection reaction, and a hemolitic disease of a fruit or the newborn. At registration define an antiserum capacity at pregnancy which should be checked in dynamics. Blood analyses during which determine growth of an antiserum capacity are periodically conducted. Or it remains invariable, or raises. At the same time have values on figures, and rate of increase in quantity. At the accelerated increase in a caption necessary actions are made. As a rule, treatment is limited to therapeutic methods.

Now control of quantity of antibodies at pregnancy is made regularly that allows to choose the correct tactics at childbirth. They are made according to the drawn-up plan, that is, or is conservative, or quickly. It does not depend on quantity of antibodies at pregnancy, but influences additional measures of prevention of a hemolitic disease of the newborn. In special cases to the child hemotransfusion is made, and everything has to be prepared for this manipulation in advance.

What norm of antibodies at pregnancy has to be?

Analyses on antibodies at pregnancy undertake regularly when at future mother Rh-negative accessory of blood comes to light. As a rule, results of blood tests do not cause any fears. Physicians report nothing about growth of antibodies because it is not observed. It is possible therefore it is considered that antibodies at pregnancy have some norm. Actually their existence does not demonstrate neither norm, nor about pathology. If there is a sharp increase in figures of immunoglobulins G, to the woman suggest to give birth in the perinatal center or in regional delivery room with chamber of resuscitation for newborns.