Diets at diseases

Not only medicamentous therapy, but also balanced clinical nutrition is necessary for successful treatment of the majority of diseases. The medical diets applied at various diseases were developed. The patients adhering to the principles of treatment-and-prophylactic food, as a rule, quicker recover, have less recurrence of chronic diseases.

In a set of cases the exacerbation of a disease is connected with disturbance of a diet. Can be examples chronic pancreatitis, hypo - or hyper glycemic a coma at a diabetes mellitus, hypertensive crises 2 types at patients with arterial hypertension.

Not only what products you use, but also a way of their culinary processing, frequency rate of meal, etc. is important for balanced and clinical nutrition.

Main objective of the appointed medical diet at a disease is impact on the reason which caused it. It can be even the only option of treatment of a disease. It happens at disturbances in a metabolism, diseases of kidneys, digestive tract diseases. However most often dietary and treatment-and-prophylactic food is combined with other ways of treatment.

In any medical or preventive institution, and also at schools, kindergartens it is possible to meet examples of treatment-and-prophylactic food.

The institute of food of the Russian Academy of Medical Science developed special medical diets. In total them 15. Some diets at diseases can include subgroups since at the beginning of many diseases of the requirement to a diet, to its caloric content and the mechanism of preparation of dishes more strict can, than at attenuation of clinic or in the remission period.

Diets at diseases at No. 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 15 can is long to be observed by the patient since are correctly balanced on all indicators: caloric contents, to a ratio of nutritious elements, etc. Concerning diets No. 4, 5a, 8 it cannot be told. They are applied by short courses at the corresponding pathologies.

The main condition and the principle of balanced and clinical nutrition is respect for the principles of a shchazheniye of an organism from mechanical, thermal or chemical influence of food.

The mechanical shchazheniye means consumption of the products which passed a razmelcheniye, wiping, etc. Such food increases motility of digestive tract and contributes to normalization of its work.

The chemical shchazheniye means an exception of a medical diet of acid, hot, salty, fried dishes since they are capable to increase secretory activity of digestive tract, and some influence excitingly all organism.

The thermal shchazheniye means consumption of dishes which temperature is in an interval of 15-65 °C.

Frequency rate of meal is also important for observance of the correct diet at diseases. Specialists recommend to five - and six times food. Intervals between meals have to be about 4 hours. The last meal not later than 2-3 hours before withdrawal to a dream.

The characteristic of separate medical diets at diseases

• Diet No. 1. Indications: stomach ulcer and a duodenum, the gastritis, GERB, etc. of a disease which are followed by hypersecretion of a gastric juice. The purpose of this diet – to provide a shchazheniye mucous a stomach, a gullet and a duodenum at acceptance of food. The diet does not mean decrease in energy value of food. Frequency rate of its receptions – not less than 5-6 times.
• Diet No. 2. It is appointed at opposite diseases, i.e. the gastritises which are followed by reduced secretory activity and also at chronic colitis. Its purpose is a stimulation of secretory activity of a stomach and strengthening of motive function of digestive tract, keeping at the same time the principles of a mechanical, chemical and thermal shchazheniye. Energy value of this medical diet is full-fledged. Frequency rate of meal: 4-5 times a day.
• Diet No. 3. The indication to appointment are locks at chronic diseases of intestines. Energetically full-fledged medical diet. Includes the products strengthening an intestines peristaltics: vegetables, bakery products, fermented milk products.
• Diet No. 4. The diet at the intestines diseases in the period of an aggravation which are followed by dysfunction is shown. The purpose of this medical diet – reduction of an inflammation in intestines and stabilization of its work.
• Diet No. 5. The diet at diseases of bilious ways, a gall bladder and liver is shown. Except normalization of function of above-mentioned bodies, at observance of this diet bile secretion is stimulated.
• Diet No. 6. It is shown at gout, MKB with formation of urates and an uraturia. The purpose of this medical diet – normalization of purine exchange by reduction of education in an organism in processes of metabolism of foodstuff of uric acid.
• Diet No. 7. The diet at diseases of kidneys is shown: chronic nephrite, acute nephrite during recovery, a nephrotic syndrome at chronic diseases of kidneys, an end-stage CRF (chronic renal failure).
• Diet No. 8. It is appointed to the patients having obesity. The diet purpose – decrease in body weight which is reached by decrease in energy value of a daily diet, generally at the expense of fats and carbohydrates. Food is fractional, 5-6 once a day. The amount of liquid decreases to 1 l and table salt to 5 g a day.
• Diet No. 9. It is shown to patients with a diabetes mellitus. Pursues the aim – normalization of carbohydrate metabolism in an organism. In the daily menu digestible carbohydrates and refractory fats are limited. Food is fractional.
• Diet No. 10. It is appointed to patients with cardiovascular diseases. Thanks to this medical diet favorable conditions for functioning of cardiovascular system are created, arterial pressure decreases. Food is fractional, liquid and table salt are limited. The amount of the animal fats and products containing cholesterol is reduced.
• Diet No. 11. It is shown to people with exhaustion. It is appointed in the posttraumatic period, at tuberculosis, etc. A condition of appointment is lack of contraindications from digestive tract.
• Diet No. 12. It is appointed at functional disorders of the central nervous system. The purpose is normalization of its work at the expense of an exception of the products operating on a nervous system excitingly.
• Diet No. 13. It is shown to patients with acute infectious diseases. Aims at decrease in intoxication, a digestive tract shchazheniye, increase in the general forces of an organism.
• Diet No. 14. It is appointed to patients with MKB with formation of phosphorus-calcium salts and a fosfaturiya. The purpose of purpose of this medical diet is the obstacle to loss of a deposit in the form of salts of phosphates by change of acidity of urine in the acid party.
• Diet No. 15. This diet except patients to whom dietary and treatment-and-prophylactic food is shown is useful practically to each person since its purpose is providing the patient with good nutrition. Observance of a table No. 15 by the recovering patient, and also to patients with chronic diseases during the mezhpristupny period is especially important.