Dyslexia

The dyslexia is the widespread problem of training at children which is shown specific disorder of reading. The disease has the neurologic nature and is characterized by inability of the person correctly and quickly to recognize words, and also to master skills of spelling.

Classification of a dyslexia

Classifications of a dyslexia are the cornerstone various criteria. So, depending on the broken reading process operations, allocate an agrammatichesky, semantic, optical, mnestichesky, tactile and phonemic dyslexia.

The Agrammatichesky form of a disease is connected with an underdevelopment of a grammatical system of the speech, syntactic and morphological generalizations. 3 persons of past tense are characterized by change of number of pronouns and nouns, declensional endings, the wrong approval of adjectives and nouns, the incorrect use of verbs. Meets at the persons suffering from a system underdevelopment of the speech more often.

The semantic dyslexia is shown by disturbance of understanding of the read words and offers at technically correct reading. It is caused by two major factors: illegibility of ideas of bonds of syntactic character and difficulties of synthesis of sounds and syllables.

At problems which are connected with assimilation and mixing of similar letters, speak about an optical dyslexia. At the same time the mixed letters can be very similar and differ only in one element, for example, the M and L, or to consist of the same, but differently located in space parts as and T or R and.

The Mnestichesky form of a disease is shown if difficulties are connected with assimilation of all letters. It is caused by the fact that at the child processes of establishment of bonds between a specific sound and the letter corresponding to it are broken.

At blind and visually impaired children the tactile dyslexia which reason the illegibility of tactile perception is is observed.

The phonemic dyslexia is widespread among school students of elementary grades and is characterized by what they within 2-4 years cannot learn to read correctly. One pupils hardly acquire letters and are not able to put them in words and syllables, other children teach them easily, but when reading make many mistakes as for them the letter is not the generalized graphic sign (grapheme). According to the author of the presented classification of a dyslexia it is caused by bad phonemic hearing.

Thus, semantic, agrammatichesky and phonemic dyslexias arise owing to not formation of speech functions, and optical, tactile and mnestichesky – because of underdevelopment of mental functions.

Dyslexia symptoms

It is possible to carry the following problems to characteristic symptoms of a dyslexia which dislektik face:

• Disorganization;
• Delay in development;
• Space disorientation;
• Misunderstanding of read;
• Difficulties with assimilation of words and perception of information;
• Awkwardness, lack of coordination.

Also It should be noted some other symptoms of a dyslexia which are not connected with intellectual development:

• Bad skills of reading at high I.Q.;
• Repetition of mistakes which arise in the course of reading or the letter;
• Inability of performance of a task in time which on it is taken away;
• Difficulties in the letter;
• Bad memory;
• Difficulties with definition of the right and left parties, top and bottom.

Treatment and correction of a dyslexia

In treatment of a dyslexia individual approach is important. To each patient the special program of correction is selected. Thanks to similar courses having a disease seize skills of reading and much more surely feel in the most different fields of activity. It is possible to distinguish oral operation, use of various technical means, and also alternative ways of training from methods of correction of a dyslexia.

Often frustration remains a problem for the rest of life, along with it cases of development of skills of reading quite often meet. However a certain part of dislektik never reaches the due level of literacy.

Feature of treatment of a dyslexia is that all educational process, including indirect and direct training in skills of allocation of separate components and recognition of words is exposed to adjustment. Direct training is use of special phonetic methods irrespective of process of development of skills of reading, indirect – implementation of these methods directly in the program of training. At the same time approach to process can be a miscellaneous: or consecutive studying of sounds, words and offers, or training in reading by words and expressions in general.

At correction of a dyslexia it is important to use approaches at which several sense bodys are involved at once (sight, hearing, touch). In this regard development of the computer is useful to the child.

Use of other ways of treatment of a dyslexia (for example, perceptual or optometric trainings), and also medicamentous therapy have no the proved efficiency, and therefore their use is not recommended.

At suspicion of a dyslexia and in case of any disturbances of the speech consultation of the doctor-logopedist is necessary.