Leushmaniosis

Short characteristic of a disease

The leushmaniosis is an infectious disease which is caused by the elementary parasites – leyshmaniye. As carriers of an infection small blood-sicking insects, generally – mosquitoes and mosquitoes act. In city conditions the leushmaniosis extends through sick people and dogs. The disease gained distribution in Uzbekistan, Transcaucasia, Turkmenistan, in the territory of some countries of Asia and Africa. The outbreaks of an infection are noted during the period from May to October when the disease-producing factor shows the greatest activity. In risk group persons, newcomers get to the local center. Permanent residents of problem regions get sick with a skin leushmaniosis much less often.

Types of a leushmaniosis

Specialists allocate two main forms of a disease: leushmaniosis skin and leushmaniosis internal (visceral).

The visceral leushmaniosis begins gradually. The incubation interval lasts from 10-20 days to several months. At the first stages the leushmaniosis proves small disorders of intestines and increase of weakness. Increase in a spleen, lymph nodes and a liver belongs to typical signs of a leushmaniosis. Reaches that at the height of a disease the spleen reaches the huge sizes and because of increase in weight falls to a small pelvis. Also at patients discoloration of integuments (becomes pale earthy) and different emergence of rashes, mostly – pustular is observed. In certain cases the visceral leushmaniosis can cause hypostases, an anemia, bleeding and weight loss development.

Statement of the exact diagnosis is carried out after a puncture of marrow and a spleen regarding existence of leyshmaniye.

City skin leushmaniosis

Symptoms of a skin leushmaniosis are shown in 3 - 8 months. In that place where parasites were implemented into an organism, there is a small hillock with a diameter of 1-4 mm. In process of development of a leushmaniosis it increases in sizes and becomes covered by a scaly crust. Removal of a hillock is fraught with formation of the bleeding ulcer covered with a purulent plaque and infiltrate which disintegration causes expansion of a zone of skin defeat. Such sores on a body of the person is from 1 to 10 pieces. As a rule, they are located on a face and hands, that is, in those places which are available to mosquitoes.

Skin leushmaniosis of rural type

This form differs in shorter incubation interval. In the place of penetration of activators the cone-shaped hillock appears. It quickly grows in the sizes and quite often 1-2 cm have a diameter. In the center of a hillock there is a necrosis of fabrics which after rejection form an ulcer. If it is a little ulcers, then they happen very extensive, having 6 cm a diameter. A large number of small ulcers (tens and hundreds of educations) constrains increase in separate zones of defeat. At the diagnosis of a skin leushmaniosis symptoms keep for several months then ulcers are cleared.

Let's notice also, as the city, and rural skin leushmaniosis can develop into a chronic form which on a number of signs reminds a lupus.

Diagnosis of a disease

All forms of a leushmaniosis need to be distinguished from a sarcoidosis, a leprosy, grumous syphilis and a tubercular lupus. Differential diagnosis is carried out on the basis of anamnestic supplied and the information on stay of the patient in the local centers. Specialists obtain final data on existence of an infection after the research of analyses which allow to define existence of leyshmaniye in an organism.

As for specific differences of the considered infection from other diseases. If the tubercular lupus strikes preferential children, then the leushmaniosis which treatment often is required also to adults does not depend on age of the patient. Besides, hillocks on skin at a leushmaniosis are much more dense, so – there is no effect of fall of the probe. Also It should be noted that rashes are not inclined to an ulceration, though are located on hems. The last – deeper and extended, while at a lupus hems most often superficial.

The skin leushmaniosis differs from grumous syphilis in the place of localization of rash. As a rule, it is located on open body parts, has the smaller density of hillocks, ulcerates later and does not give a positive serological test on syphilis. There are differences and in character of hems. At a leushmaniosis they more involved, and at grumous syphilis – mosaic.

Leushmaniosis – treatment and prevention

To patients appoint Monomycinum. It is entered intramusculary 3 times a day. A standard dosage – 250 000 PIECES. The course of treatment lasts 10-12 days up to that moment until the skin leushmaniosis disappears completely. At an aggravation of symptoms it is recommended to use monomitsinovy ointment.

Prevention of a skin leushmaniosis is based on fight against mosquitoes and mosquitoes, extermination of stray dogs and rodents. In recent years the skin and visceral leushmaniosis is tried to be prevented by means of preventive introduction of live cultures of the activator.