Medical axon

Medical axon – tsefalosporinovy antibacterial drug III of generation.

Form of release and structure

Dosage form – powder for preparation of solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration: slightly hydroscopic, from color, white to white with a yellowish shade (in bottles, 1 or 100 bottles in a box cardboard).

Active agent: цефтриаксон (in the form of sodium salt), in 1 bottle – 0,5 or 1 g.

Indications to use

Medical axon – drug for treatment of the infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms, susceptible to a tseftriakson:

• Infections of ENT organs;
• Respiratory infections (including pneumonia);
• Infections of urinary tract and kidneys;
• Infections of skin and soft tissues;
• Infections of generative organs (including gonorrhea);
• Infections of joints and bones;
• Infections of an abdominal cavity (inflammatory diseases of digestive tract, biliary tract, peritonitis).

Besides, drug is used for treatment of meningitis, sepsis and infections at patients with reduced immunity, and also for prevention of infectious complications in the postoperative period.

Contraindications

• I trimester of pregnancy;
• Hypersensitivity to components of drug or other cephalosporins, and also penicillin.

With care:

• Hyperbilirubinemia of newborns;
• Prematurity;
• Liver/renal failure;
• Nonspecific ulcer colitis;
• The colitis and enteritis connected using antibiotics;
• Pregnancy (II-III trimester);
• Lactation period.

Route of administration and dosage

From powder prepare solution which enter intravenously (in/in) or intramusculary (in oil).

Rules of preparation and administration of solutions:

• Intravenous infusion: 2 g of drug part 40 ml of solution, free from calcium, for example, in solution of 0,9% of sodium of chloride, 5% or 10% of a dextrose, 5% of fructose. Pour in/in a minimum within 30 minutes;
• Intravenous injection: 1 g of powder part 10 ml of the sterile distilled water. Enter slowly in/in within 2-4 minutes;
• Intramuscular introduction: 1 g of a tseftriakson part 3,5 ml of 1% of solution of lidocaine. Enter deeply into a gluteus. Intravenous administration of drug with lidocaine is forbidden!

The recommended doses:

• Adults and teenagers are more senior than 12 years: 1-2 g of 1 times a day (with 24-hour intervals). At the serious conditions and infections caused by moderately sensitive microbes, the dose can be increased to 4 g;
• Children up to 12 years with body weight more than 50 kg: doses, as for adults;
• Babies (2 weeks are more senior) and children up to 12 years with body weight less than 50 kg: 0,02-0,075 g/kg a day (at the same time a daily dose more than 0,05 g/kg it is necessary to enter intravenously a minimum within 30 minutes);
• Newborn children aged up to 2 weeks: 0,02-0,05 g/kg of 1 times a day.

Duration of therapy is defined individually depending on a look and character of a course of a disease.

At gonorrhea (including if it is caused by the strains forming a penicillinase) appoint 0,25 in oil once.

Treatment of bacterial meningitis at children (newborns including) there begin with a dose 0,1 g/kg of 1 times a day, but no more than 4 g/days. Further the dose is adjusted as soon as the pathogen is revealed and its sensitivity to a tseftriakson is defined.

Therapy duration depending on activator type:

• Enterobacteriaceae (enterobakteriya) – 10-14 days;
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) – 7 days;
• Haemophilus influenzae (Afanasyev-Pfeyffera's stick) – 6 days;
• Neisseria meningitidis (менингококк) – 4 days.

For the prevention of infections in the postoperative period Medakson enter once in a dose 1-2 g in 30-90 minutes prior to carrying out the infected or presumably infected surgical intervention.

The patient with the expressed renal failure (if the clearance of creatinine does not exceed a mark of 10 ml/minute) drug is appointed in a dose by no more than 2 g/days.

Side effects

• Local reactions: morbidity on the vein course, phlebitis, morbidity and infiltrate in the place in oil of introduction;
• Allergic reactions: fever/fever, rash, skin itch, small tortoiseshell; in rare instances – an eosinophilia, a serum disease, a bronchospasm, a Quincke's edema, a mnogoformny exudative erythema, an acute anaphylaxis;
• Alimentary system: diarrhea/lock, nausea, vomiting, taste disturbance, abdominal pains, meteorism, inflammation of language and mucous membrane of an oral cavity, pseudomembranous coloenteritis, dysbacteriosis, abnormal liver function (increase in activity of hepatic transaminases; seldom – an intra hepatic cholestasia, increase in level of bilirubin or an alkaline phosphatase);
• System of a hemopoiesis: granulocytopenia, thrombocytosis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, lengthening of a prothrombin time, decrease in concentration of plasma factors of coagulation (II, VII, IX, X), hypocoagulation, lymphopenia, hemolitic anemia;
• Central nervous system: headache, вертиго;
• Urinary system: an anury, an oliguria, the renal failure which is shown increase in content of urea in blood, a cylindruria, a giperkreatininemiya, an azotemia, a hamaturia, a glucosuria;
• Others: candidiasis, nasal bleeding, superinfection.

Special instructions

It is necessary to monitorirovat constantly concentration of a tseftriakson in blood at the patients with a heavy renal and liver failure and also who are on a hemodialysis.

At prolonged treatment systematic control of a condition of peripheral blood, function of kidneys and a liver is necessary.

In rare instances at ultrasound examination of a gall bladder blackouts come to light. This side effect independently passes after the termination of administration of drug. Even continuation of therapy by Medakson along with simultaneous performing symptomatic therapy is recommended to patients at whom this phenomenon is followed by pains in right hypochondrium.

Development of an acute anaphylaxis is the most serious indication to performing the emergency therapy meaning intravenous administration first of all of Epinephrinum then – glucocorticoids.

Vitamin K co-administration can be required by the weakened patients and elderly people.

During therapy it is contraindicated to take alcoholic beverages since there is a probability of development of disulfiramopodobny effects, such as an asthma, a lowering of arterial pressure, face reddening, head pain, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, a spasm in a stomach.

Medicinal interaction

At Medakson's use the risk of formation of bleeding increases in a combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other inhibitors of aggregation of thrombocytes.

At combined use with loopback diuretics or any other drugs which are capable to have toxic effect on a liver the probability of development of nephrotoxicity increases.

Tseftriakson is incompatible with the ethanol and solutions containing other antibiotics. It is impossible to mix it with other antibacterial agents in one syringe / bottle.

At use of a tseftriakson along with aminoglycosides a synergism at impact on many gram-negative bacteria is observed. In most cases it is recommended to appoint them separately, however in hard cases and at life-threatening infections (for example, caused by a pyocyanic stick) their combined use is proved.

Terms and storage conditions

To store in the dry, dark place unavailable to children, at a temperature up to 25 ºС.

Period of validity – 2 years.