Arterial pressure
Arterial pressure (tensio arterialis; ABP; synonym: blood pressure arterial) – pressure which the blood which is in an artery puts upon its wall; is defined by the size of cordial emission, the general peripheric vascular resistance to a blood-groove and a condition of arterial walls.
Allocate the following types of arterial pressure:
- Basal – is measured at the person by means of a method Korotkov directly after awakening after a night dream (without getting up, in a dorsal decubitus), on an empty stomach;
- Side (synonym: true systolic arterial pressure) – systolic the ABP, is measured in the direct bloody way or on the basis of the analysis of a takhiostsillogramma; below the systolic ABP determined when crossclamping an artery by a rubber cuff;
- Diastolic (synonyms: arterial pressure the minimal, diastolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure) – the ABP by the end of a diastole of heart when the minimum size throughout a cardial cycle is reached;
- Additional (synonym: arterial pressure additional) – the change of the ABP in comparison with the residual or basal ABP connected with conducting any load test or because of influence of arbitrary factors of the environment; characterizes a tendency to hypo - or to hypertensive reactions at the patient;
- Residual – a difference between the accidental and basal ABP; characterizes its lability;
- Pulse (synonyms: blood pressure pulse, pulse pressure) – a difference between the systolic and diastolic ABP (norm – 30-60 mm hg);
- Systolic (synonyms: blood pressure systolic, arterial pressure the maximal, systolic pressure) – the ABP in the period of a heart systole, at achievement throughout a cardial cycle of the largest size;
- Accidental – the ABP, measured in any time of day without use of any special tests and loadings;
- Average (synonym: blood pressure average) – the ABP which corresponds to air pressure level in a cuff of a tonometer at which the vessel gleam in the period of a diastole remains closed throughout the minimum time; is defined by means of an arterial oscillography; reflects degree of elasticity of an arterial wall;
- Shock – a difference between sizes of the side and systolic ABP (norm at the person – 20-40 mm рт.ст).
If to smile all twice a day – it is possible to lower blood pressure and to reduce risk of developing of heart attacks and strokes.
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