Transportation of victims

At serious injuries, and also at suspicion of them, special attention is paid to transportation of victims as the wrong movement can aggravate an injury, having become an accessory disturbing factor. The recommendation of doctors is as follows: specialists therefore it is the best of all not to do it independently have to transport seriously injured person, and to call the ambulance. Unfortunately, not always it is obviously possible.

It is necessary to transport the victim by own efforts in the following situations:

• Direct danger to life where there was an injury. For example, if the victim is on railroad tracks, in the burning building, the smoke-filled room, the building which can collapse at any time, etc.
• There is no opportunity to arrive ambulance.

In total allocate three types of transportation:

1. Emergency. It is carried out in the presence of direct threat of life, as fast as possible, any suitable way of removal of the person from a dangerous zone to the next safe place is used. Such transportation can be very traumatic for the victim, but the purpose is rescue of human life therefore in this case neglect rules of movement of victims;
2. Short-term. It is carried out by own efforts the people who are near the victim. In this case there is a need to choose an optimum method of movement of the victim whenever possible not to cause it discomfort, not to strengthen painful feelings, not to put a secondary injury. As a rule, in this case transportation is carried out not too far, and to the next place where can give to the person professional help or where he can wait for it in a safe situation;
3. Long. Transportation by forces and means of specialists, the most convenient and safe for the victim. It is usually carried out after first aid on site and anesthesia.

In that case, when there is no an opportunity to arrive ambulance, long transportation should be carried out by forces of people around.

Recommendations about which the speech will go further intend for short-term transportation as in the conditions of modern life, as a rule, from nonspecialists it is required.

Preparation for transportation of victims

Being going to transport the person needing the help it must be kept in mind:

• The victim needs to be examined attentively to make idea of the nature of injuries. It is necessary to estimate a condition of a backbone, head, neck, thorax, stomach, pelvic area and extremities. Make sure that the person is in consciousness if he unconscious, it is necessary to check pulse and breath;
• If there is a suspicion on difficult character of injuries, the multiple combined injuries, the victim needs to be transported only as a last resort if there is no hope for arrival of ambulance. At such injuries it is necessary to move the victim whenever possible in that pose in which he is.

General rules of movement of victims

Rules and ways of movement of victims can differ depending on the nature of injuries (blood loss, changes, etc.), however there are several general principles:

1. When transporting the person with an injury of cervical department of a backbone his head and a neck are immobilized, i.e. fixed to obstruct the traffic. In all other cases of the victim transport with the head turned on one side. It is necessary to avoid hit of emetic masses in respiratory tracts, and also asphyxia owing to retraction of language;
2. The person with big blood loss is moved so that his legs were above the head. Such situation provides inflow of blood to a brain;
3. At rise on a ladder, and also when placing in the vehicle of the victim bear the head, during descent and carrying out from transport forward – forward legs;
4. The one who carries the victim ahead is appointed by the main thing, its task – to watch closely the road, to notice obstacles and to direct movement, coordinating actions of other rescuers (an example of team: "on three we lift a stretcher – time, two, three!"). At the same time to rescuers it is strictly forbidden to move "to a leg";
5. The one who carries the victim behind watches his state, and in case of deterioration warns the others about need of a stop.

Types of transportation of victims depending on an injury and a state

It was stated above that at the serious combined injuries of the victim should be moved without change of its situation. Now we will consider in what provisions it is necessary to transport victims in other, less difficult situations.

• Steady position on one side. In such pose victims in a case have to move:
  a) vomiting attacks;
  b) stays in unconsciousness;
  c) at burns or other not getting injuries of the back side of a body (spin, a buttock, a back part of hips);
• The sitting or semi-sitting position is applied in such situations:
  a) neck injuries;
  b) thorax injuries;
  c) fractures of a clavicle, hands;
• Dorsal decubitus with the raised legs:
  a) injuries of an abdominal cavity;
  b) suspicion of internal bleeding;
  c) existence of big blood loss;
• Dorsal decubitus with slightly moved apart legs and the roller ("a frog pose") enclosed under knees:
  a) at spine injuries, injury of a spinal cord or suspicion of a similar injury;
  b) at a change of pelvic bones or suspicion on it.

When transporting it is necessary to watch constantly a condition of the victim, remembering that it at any time can worsen. If it will occur, it is necessary to stop and begin to hold resuscitation events (breath of "companies in a mouth", "a mouth in a nose", an indirect cardiac massage). Resuscitation is carried out to appearance of the doctor or before recovery of breath and pulse.