Tibia

Tibia – a large and long bone of a shin. The bone consists of a body and two epiphysis – lower distal and upper proximal.

Structure of tibia

The body of a bone has the trihedral form with three edges – front, medial and interosseous, and three surfaces – medial, back and lateral.

The first line of a bone has the pointed form and reminds by the form a crest. In an upper part it turns into tuberosity. The interosseous edge has the pointed form and an appearance of a comb. This comb is directed towards a fibular bone. The medial surface of a bone slightly convex is also well probed through skin together with a first line of a shaft of the tibia.

Lateral (anteroexternal) surface of a bone slightly concave. And the back surface has the flat form. On a back surface there is a line of a soleus muscle which extends from an ectocondyle medially and down. A little from below the nutritious opening which lasts in distally the directed nutrient canal is located.

The proximal epiphysis of tibia is a little expanded. Its side parts are lateral and medial condyles. Outside of an ectocondyle the flat fibular joint surface is located. At the top of a proximal epiphysis on average department there is an intercondyloid eminence in which it is possible to distinguish two hillocks:

• internal medial intercondyloid behind which it is possible to distinguish the back intercondyloid field;
• outside lateral intercondyloid in front of which the front intercondyloid field is located.

Two fields are the place of fastening of crucial knee ligaments. On each side an intercondyloid eminence on an upper joint surface the joint surfaces having the concave form – medial and lateral reach for each condyle. Concave joint surfaces are limited on the periphery to edge of a tibial bone.

The distal epiphysis of a bone has a squared shape. On its lateral surface there is a fibular cutting adjacent to a distal epiphysis of a fibular bone. On a back surface of a distal epiphysis there passes the lodyzhkovy furrow. In front from a furrow the medial edge of a distal epiphysis of a tibial bone passes into a medial anklebone – the shoot directed down which is well palpated. On the lateral surface of an anklebone the joint surface of an anklebone is located. It passes into the lower surface of a bone and lasts in the lower concave joint surface of a tibial bone.

Fracture of tibia

All fractures of tibia share on:

• slanting;
• cross;
• intra joint;
• fragmentary;
• splintered.

Fractures of a medial anklebone and condyles of a tibial bone belong to intra joint changes. The medial anklebone serves as the internal bone stabilizer of an ankle joint. As a rule, its change results from twisting of a shin with the fixed foot. Also often the fracture of an internal anklebone results from not physiological sharp turn of foot.

Main symptoms of fractures of tibial bone:

• Tibia at the movement and a palpation hurts;
• Because of the shift of bone fragments the shin is deformed (the extremity axis changes);
• There is hypostasis;
• It is impossible to carry out axial load of a leg.

Treatment of changes is preferential performed by means of an operative measure. As a rule, the patient can carry out load of a sore leg the next days after operation.

Cyst of tibia

Quite often, when tibia hurts, it can demonstrate existence of a cyst.

Bone cyst – a disease during which the thickening in a cavity of a bone tissue is formed.

Still the origin of cysts of bones is definitely not found out. It is established that cysts of tibia develop as a result of frustration of a hemodynamics on the limited site of a bone. In fact, formation of a cyst is dystrophic process. Disturbance of intra bone blood circulation and activation of the lysosomic enzymes leading to destruction of collagen, glucosaminoglycans and other proteins is the cornerstone of formation of cysts. On the international classification of a cyst carry to opukholepodobny diseases.

The bone cyst can be solitary and anevrizmalny. The solitary cyst develops throughout a long span, meets at youthful age at males more often. The Anevrizmalny cyst arises suddenly and develops quickly. Most often, the anevrizmalny cyst results from a direct injury of a bone.

Despite the general nature of these diseases, they can be distinguished accurately as they have different symptoms and X-ray patterns.