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Bronchiectasia

Bronchiectasia – disease state which is defined by the localized irreversible expansion of a part of the so-called bronchial tree caused by destruction of muscles and elasticity of fabrics. The bronchiectasia is classified Бронхоэктаз — необратимые расширения части бронхиального дерева as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also as well as emphysema, bronchitis, asthma and cystous fibrosis. Bronchiectasias of lungs can result from various infectious diseases, including heavy and recurrent pneumonia, tuberculosis and a mucoviscidosis.

Bronchiectasias of lungs happen inborn and acquired. They can be diagnosed by means of clinical analyses. It is recommended to carry out a computer tomography which can reveal anomalies of a bronchial tree and the available cysts for confirmation of the diagnosis. Also diagnosis of a disease usually includes blood tests and phlegms, and sometimes and tests for specific genetic disorders.

Also diagnosis a bronchiectasia includes the action following:

Check of history of chronic respiratory symptoms (daily cough and phlegm);
Analysis of a phlegm;
Thorax X-ray analysis;
Check of quantitative level of immunoglobulin for a hypogammaglobulinemia exception;
Autoimmune screening tests.

For prevention the bronchiectasia at children's age needs to be imparted children from measles, whooping cough and other acute respiratory children's infections. The healthy index of body weight and regular visits of the doctor can exert beneficial influence on the prevention of progressing a bronchiectasia.

Reasons bronchiectasias

Bronchiectasias of inborn character are the reasons:

Congenital infections which influence the movement of ions;
Kartagener's syndrome;
Cystous fibrosis;
Jung's syndrome;
Immunodeficiency;
Williams-Campbell's syndrome;
Marfan's syndrome.

Bronchiectasias of the acquired character are the reasons such diseases as:

Tuberculosis;
Pneumonia;
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis;
Bronchial tumors;
Whooping cough;
Staphylococcus;
Pulmonary aspiration;
AIDS;
Ulcer colitis;
Disease Krone;
Hernia of an esophageal opening of a diaphragm;
Pseudorheumatism.

Also bronchiectasias poisoning with toxic gases, the alcoholism, the use of drugs Отличие нормального легкого от больного бронхоэктазом and various allergies influencing bronchial tubes can be the reasons.

Symptoms bronchiectasias

Bronchiectasias carry to symptoms:

Frequent green or yellow phlegm (to 240 ml a day);
Pneumorrhagia;
Unpleasant smell from a mouth;
Frequent bronchial infections;
Asthma;
Rattles at a breath and an exhalation.

The aggravation caused by bacterial infections can lead bronchiectasias to the following symptoms:

To the raised expectoration in comparison with an initial stage;
The increased viscosity of a phlegm;
Unpleasant smell of the allocated phlegm;
Subfebrile temperature;
Increase in the constitutional symptoms (fatigue, indisposition);
Increase in an asthma, the complicated breath and lung pain.

Treatment bronchiectasias

Treatment bronchiectasias includes management of a bronkhoektaziyny infection, release from obstacles of respiratory tracts, removal of the affected parts of lungs by means of surgical intervention or embolization of arteries. Treatment includes long use of antibiotics for prevention of infections, and also elimination of the saved-up liquid using a postural drainage and physical therapy of a breast.

Operation can be also used for the localized treatment bronchiectasias and removals of obstacles which can cause a course of a disease.

Performing inhalation steroid therapy can reduce a phlegm and narrow respiratory tracts during a short span, and also help to prevent progressing of a bronchiectasia. This procedure is not recommended for treatment bronchiectasias at children.

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