Dysarthtia at children

A consequence of insufficient supply with nerves of organs of articulation in which results defeat of subcrustal and zadnelobny departments of a brain is the disturbance of a pronunciation called in medicine by a dysarthtia. This alalia is peculiar to both adults, and children, and at the second leads both to disturbance of a sound pronunciation, and to problems with the subsequent training in reading and the letter.

To help cope with a dysarthtia at children the doctor-logopedist can, and distinguish a disease quite simply on the following signs:

• The speech of the child greased and the deaf;
• Often the nasal shade is inherent in a pronunciation of sounds and words;
• An impression as if the kid talks with "mouth full" is made.

Bulbar and pseudobulbar dysarthtia at children, also as well as the dysphonia and a dysphagy, are symptoms of bulbar or pseudobulbar paralysis.

Dysarthtia forms at children

Depending on the place of damage of a brain, allocate the following forms of a dysarthtia at children and adults:

• Cortical – arises owing to defeat of those departments of a cerebral cortex which are connected with function of articulation muscles. Its difference from other types of a dysarthtia at adults and children is the preservation of the correct structure of words accompanied with frustration of a pronunciation of syllables;
• Bulbar – is a consequence of the peripheral paresis and paralysis of the articulation muscles caused by defeat hypoglossal, wandering and glossopalatine nerves and their kernels. Is followed by dysphagias;
• Pseudobulbar dysarthtia at children – premises for emergence of frustration are defeats of motive cortical and nuclear ways because of what the central paralysis of muscles which communication with TsNS is provided by the wandering, glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves develops. Manifestation of frustration is monotony of the speech of the child;
• Extrapyramidal – can be caused as defeat of subcrustal nodes, and their nervous bonds. Frustration by the muffled greased speech with a nasal shade and sharply broken prosodiky, speed and intonational and melodic structure of a pronunciation is characterized;
• Parkinsonicheskaya – is a type of an extrapyramidal dysarthtia at adults and children with Parkinson's disease. Frustration inexpressive, with disturbance of modulation of a voice, a bradyarthria is shown;
• Cerebellar – premises for emergence of this form of a dysarthtia children can have both damages of a cerebellum, and its conduction paths. It is possible to distinguish this frustration at the child on stretched, with the changing loudness and disturbance of modulation of a scanning speech;
• Cold – is shown at air fall of temperature indoors, or at a pronunciation of words on cold, in the form of difficulty of an articulation;
• The erased dysarthtia at children – is disturbance of a pronunciation of the hissing and whistling sounds, as at a side sigmatism.

Diagnosis of a dysarthtia at children

To make the correct diagnosis, the child needs to be taken away on reception to the psychologist, the neuropathologist and the logopedist. It is also necessary to carry out a number of procedures for receiving an overall picture of a disease, namely:

• Electrophysiologic researches (elektroneyrografiya, electroencephalography and electromyography);
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation;
• Brain MRT.

The logopedist, at diagnosis of a dysarthtia at children, conducts careful examination which joins assessment of the available nonverbal and speech disturbances. During assessment of nonverbal symptoms the doctor defines a condition of speech and mimic muscles, studies a structure of the articulation device, the nature of breath of the child and volume of articulation movements. Special value at diagnosis plays the anamnesis of speech development. At diagnosis of oral speech the logopedist pays attention on:

• The Proiznositelny party of the speech – a rhythm, speed, a prosodika, a sound pronunciation and legibility of the speech;
• Synchronism of a phonation, breath and articulation;
• Phonemic perception of the child, and also level of development of a lexical and grammatical system of the speech.

Diagnosis of a written language at a dysarthtia at children includes performance by the child of various tasks, such as the letter from dictation, writing off of fragments from books, reading aloud, and also check of judgment by the child of the read material.

In addition to visit of the neuropathologist and the logopedist, at diagnosis of a dysarthtia at children, survey of the psychologist who will conduct a research on the general intellectual development of the child is also required.

It is important to know that the erased dysarthtia is diagnosed for children after achievement of 5 years by the child of age. It is caused by the fact that even at earlier age can occur at absolutely healthy children similar to the easy (erased) manifestation dysarthtia which do not demonstrate existence of disturbance.

Treatment of a dysarthtia at children

In cases when in medical institution the diagnosis a dysarthtia is confirmed, the child needs combined medical and pedagogical effect. In parallel with drug treatment and physiotherapy exercises, logopedic correction is carried out.

At treatment of a dysarthtia at children the doctor-logopedist during the sessions allows special value to development of all parties of the speech of the child – creation of a grammatical system and phonetic hearing, and also replenishment of a lexicon that the kid did not meet difficulties in the course of training at school.

The dysarthtia at children and adults is widespread disturbance which at early detection will respond to treatment and correction. Unlike adults, at the child the dysarthtia is followed by disintegration of speech system, it is difficult to it to study the letter and reading because of what there are subsequent difficulties during training at school. The great value plays visit of the logopedist who after statement of the exact diagnosis will be able to help to correct this disturbance that further life of the child was normal.